War Medals and Their HistorySteward, William Augustus
History
War Medals and Their History
Steward, William Augustus
Great Britain. Army -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.
This medal bears on the obverse an antique galley on the prow of
which Victory is represented in the act of alighting and placing a
wreath upon the head of Britannia, who stands with her right foot on
a Greek helmet; she holds in her left hand a spear; beside her is an
oval shield whereon is depicted the Union Jack. The larger medal is 2
in. in diameter and the smaller one 1·3 in. Both sizes were struck in
gold, and the medal became a general award to naval officers who had
distinguished themselves in great naval victories until 1815, and it
is noteworthy that the only officers below the rank of post captain
who earned the captains' medal were Lieutenant Pinfold of the "Ajax"
and Lieutenant Stockham of the "Thunderer," who in the absence of
their captains commanded their ships at Trafalgar; but they were not
given the medal until they had reached the rank of post captain. It
was ultimately awarded to Captain Mounsey of the "Bonne Citoyenne"
for the capture of "La Furieuse" on July 16th, 1809. The total number
of gold medals issued was 140, of which eight were admirals' medals
awarded with chains; flag officers' were issued with broad ribbons
for suspension from the neck, and 117 of the captains' size, as
illustrated, for suspension between the third and fourth buttonholes of
their coats. Gold chains were only given with the admirals' medals for
June 1st.
The vessels engaged were H.M. ships "Queen Charlotte," "Royal
Sovereign," "Royal George," "Barfleur," "Bellerophon," "Impregnable,"
"Cæsar," "Culloden," "Defence," "Gibraltar," "Glory," "Invincible,"
"Leviathan," "Marlborough," "Majestic," "Montague," "Orion,"
"Ramillies," "Russell," "Tremendous," "Thunderer," "Valiant," "Alfred,"
"Audacious," "Brunswick," and the frigates "Aquilon," "Charon,"
"Latona," "Phæton," "Southampton," "Niger," "Pegasus," the sloops
"Incendiary" and "Comet," and the cutters "Rattler" and "Ranger."
=St. Vincent, 1797.=--On St. Valentine's Day, 1797, the battle of St.
Vincent was fought between the Spanish fleet of 27 ships of the line
and 8 frigates under Admiral Don Josef de Cordova, and 20 British
ships of the line, 2 sloops, and a cutter which had been cruising off
the coasts of Spain and Portugal to prevent the fleets of France,
Spain, and Holland--which countries had entered into an alliance
against Great Britain--from combining. Sir John Jervis commanded;
his flagship was the "Victory." Passing through the two divisions
of the Spanish fleet, he cut off nine of the enemies' vessels: the
Spaniards then attempted to break the British line; but the effort
was frustrated, two of the enemy's ships striking their colours. This
action, which only lasted four hours, resulted in the loss of four
ships to the enemy, Commodore Horatio Nelson of the "Captain," 74 guns,
having taken the "San Josef" of 112 guns, and the "San Nicolas" of 80
guns.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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