Artillery: Chinese, 35; firearms introduced into western Europe, 39; cannon introduced, first used in naval warfare, early guns, method of mounting, chambers for, 40; brass guns, 48; heavy Russian at Sinope, 106; ditto at Sebastopol and Cronstadt, 107; rivalry between guns and armour, 108; 150-pounders, 300-pounders, 152; 12½-ton gun, 158; 80-ton gun, 176; 100-ton guns, 178; 111-ton guns, 245; 12-inch guns, 247, 277, 282, 283; 13½-inch guns, 247; 15-inch guns, 282; 6-inch quick firers, 247; quick firers introduced, 274; breech loaders, 148, 244, 265, 270, 271, 275, 269; hydraulic machinery, 171, 174; loading by machinery, 174, 278-81; guns loaded at any elevation, 278-81; rifling: polygonal, 274; increasing twist, 274; difficulties attending, 265, 270, 274, 275; Whitworth rifled gun, 267; Whitworth hexagonal, 171; windage, 265, 274; cast-iron rifled guns, 265; wrought-iron rifled guns, 265; steel rifled guns, 265, 266; malleable iron gun, 266; smoothbores rifled, 275; uniform rifling, 283; Bessemer steel guns, 266; steel tubes, 266; steel guns adopted for the Navy, 266; muzzle-loading rifled gun, 176; competitive experiments with Armstrong and Whitworth guns, 267, 275; Whitworth gun range, 268; British Government declines competition between muzzle loader and Whitworth breech loader, 269; pivoted guns, 126, 175, 273; Armstrong-Woolwich gun, 164, 153, 271, 272; Dahlgren, 126, 131, 189, 190; adapted to Paixhan system of shell firing, 126; Hontoria, 227; Stockton-Ericsson, 128, 139; Parrott, 137; Paixhan, 110, 126; Rodman, 159, 190, 269, 270; Mackay, 270; Fraser’s cheap construction muzzle-loading, 271; French and English methods of working big guns, 277-8; manufacture, 282; underwater guns, 292; columbiads, 292-3; hexagonal bore, 270; energy, 270, 272; dimensions, 272-3; wire guns, 273; rapid fire, 273, 274, 279; turntable, 159; heavy guns in barbettes introduced, 244; sponsons, 96, 126; blast, 249; 46-ton wire gun more powerful than 110½-ton gun, 249; record weight of discharge prior to _Dreadnoughts_, 177; Spezzia experiments, 178; anti-torpedo boat guns, 176, 248; greater security through breech loading, 280; superiority of 12-inch gun over those prior to 1906, 252; range of _Dreadnought’s_ guns, 262; 25-miles range, 268; length in proportion to calibre, 283 Assouan (Syene) Expedition, 3 Australian bark canoe, 23 Austrian fleet at Lissa, 153 Auxiliary steam: three-deckers, 105 Ballingers, 43 Baltic and Crimean campaigns, 104, 114, 115; Sea of Azof, 113 Banked ships, 7 Barbary pirates, 74 Barbette ships of high displacement, 248; freeboard, 247 Barbettes and turrets, 244 Barton, Sir Andrew, and family, 49