Projectiles: Armour-piercing, 265, 273; Bessemer steel, 267; Dutch cheeses, 76; flat-headed, 268; human heads, 73; anti-war shell, 268; Palliser, 164, 269, 274; Whitworth, pointed and cylindrical, 274; studded, 277; steel, 268; stone cannon balls, 40; solid and hollow shot, 126; resistance of armour to, 322-3; lead-coated, 274; velocity, 272; weight, 274; elongated shell, 85, 86 Propellers: Adjustable, 123; advantages, 148; Dudgeon’s, 148; Ericsson’s screw, 92; Griffiths’, 125, 147; Smith’s, 92; Mangin, 122; twin screws, 138, 148, 173; adoption by Admiralty, 150; first British twin screw ironclad, 150; twin screw in United States of America, 125 Proposal to subject _Cerberus_ to gunfire with crew on board, 184, 185 Protected ships (Japanese), 37 Queen Elizabeth and Navy, 50, 51; second embassy to Turkey, 53 Rafts, 21 Railway locomotives as marine engines, 106 Raleigh, Sir Walter, as critic, 55 Ram, 5, 6, 7, 10, 119, 172, 190, 205 Ramberges, 44 Range-finding tower, 259 Rapid building, 192, 247 Ratings, 57, 59 Recessed ports, 150, 172 Reed, Mr., afterwards Sir E., 195 Remarkable French ironclads, 190-1 Rennie, J. and G., 94 Report on Royal Navy (1552), 50 Resistance of armour to projectiles, 322-3 Robinson and Russell, 98, 113 Russell, Scott, 90, 120 Russo-Japanese War: Russian fleet’s departure for the Far East, 236; British trawlers or Japanese torpedo boats, 236; Russian fleet’s slow speed, 236; going to destruction, 236; Japan’s ships’ superior speed, 237; Russians reach Japanese waters, 236; sudden Japanese attack, 237; Russian ships overloaded and filthy, 237; Japanese gunnery superior, 237; Russians defeated in two hours, 237; Admiral Togo’s objects, incidents of the battle, 239-40 Russo-Turkish War: Value of torpedo to Russians, 200; powerful Turkish fleet, 212; Turkish ships torpedoed, 212-3; naval encounter, 214 Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 186; experiments, 187-8 Sailers converted into steamships, 105 Sailing warships with attendant steamers, 95, 107 Sakers, 74 Samoan war canoe, 26 Samuda, 194, 233 “Sappy timbers and rotten planking,” 241 Scouts, combination of gunboat, cruiser and destroyer, 311; English and American, 311 Sea-fights of the Crusades, 14 Sea-going turret ship, 193 Secondary armaments, 251, 252, 303 Semmes, Capt. R., 140 Seppings, Sir R., 65 Serpentines, 45 Seventeenth century cannon, 74 Screws (_see_ Propellers) Shark’s-mouth rudders, 149 Shields of basket work, 6, 15