[24] The diameter of this and other guns referred to in this section is that of the bore. [25] Chesney’s “Observations on Firearms.” [26] “Asiatic Register of the Progress of Shipbuilding in the Territories of the East India Company.” [27] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.” [28] “The Progress of the City of New York during the last Fifty Years,” lecture by Charles King, President of Columbia College. [29] H.P. is used here and subsequently to indicate horse-power. [30] “The Marine Steam Engine,” by Sennett and Oram. [31] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.” [32] _Illustrated London News_, 1843. [33] “Naval Development of the Century,” by Sir N. Barnaby; and “Two Centuries of Shipbuilding.” [34] _The Artizan_, Sept., 1855. [35] “The Encyclopædia Britannica.” [36] “Thames Ironworks’ Historical Catalogue,” 1905. [37] _Times_, July 22, 1887. [38] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.” [39] _Engineering_, March 26, 1897. [40] “Service Afloat,” by Raphael Semmes. [41] “The Royal Navy,” by Sir W. Laird Clowes. [42] _The Times_, 1869. [43] King’s “The Warships of Europe.” [44] _Daily Telegraph_, July 16, 1866. [45] _The Engineer._ [46] “Ironclads in Action,” by H. H. Wilson. [47] Valparaiso letter to _New York World_. [48] _Daily News._ [49] “The New American Navy,” by Ex-Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long. [50] From “The New American Navy,” and “The United States Naval Academy,” by Park Benjamin. [51] “The New American Navy,” by John D. Long. [52] Report by Lieut.-Commander Simms, U.S.N. [53] _The Times_, December 24, 1864. [54] _Engineering_, April 28, 1911. [55] Paper by M. Canet, Junior Institution of Engineers, 1907. [56] _The Times._ [57] _Engineering._ [58] _Illustrated London News_, June, 1903. [59] “Two Centuries of Shipbuilding.” [60] _Engineering_, April 28, 1911.9 Transcriber's Notes: Italics are shown thus: _sloping_. Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained. Perceived typographical errors have been changed. In the illustration THE TRIAL OF SCREW v PADDLE, the sloop Alert has been corrected to the sloop Alecto. Pages 337/338 in the index were printed out of order, this has been rectified. Two-deckers, etc. (_see_ Ratings), replaced correctly in the index.