Wasps, Social and SolitaryPeckham, George W. (George Williams)
Science
Wasps, Social and Solitary
Peckham, George W. (George Williams)
Wasps
We had watched a wasp for some time as she carried her spider from
place to place, and finally saw her take it into a crevice among some
rough lumps of earth which she had previously examined. We expected one
of the long spells of eventless waiting to which she had accustomed us,
but on lying down and peering into the hole we found that there was
an opening on the further side, for a ray of light feebly penetrated
the interior. Moving about in this dim illumination was our wasp, and
after a little, we could see, quite distinctly, that she was digging a
hole. This then is her method—to find some sheltered hiding–place where
she may secretly make her nest, that no creature may know where her
treasure is hidden.
We have twice seen a marginatus pick up her spider and fly with it
backward for a long distance—as much as four or five feet. This recalls
the wasp which is said to fly backward before a moving horse and catch
the flies that are hovering over it.
P. marginatus is not troubled by any notion as to the family
connections of the spider that she takes. Anything will do provided she
is strong enough to overcome it and carry it to her nest. The effect of
her sting is quite variable, since in some cases the victim was killed
at once, while in others it was but little affected in the beginning
and lived for eighteen or twenty days.
At eleven o’clock on the morning of a warm day in mid–August we saw the
steel–blue Pompilus scelestus dragging a big Lycosid across a field.
The spider was sixteen millimeters long and wide in proportion, while
the wasp was but thirteen millimeters long and very slender, so that
the weight of the spider was at least three times that of its captor.
The necessity for going backward was evident in this case, but the wasp
moved rapidly considering the load that she was dragging. As she worked
her way along she made frequent pauses, stopping for two or three
minutes at a time in some little hollow, or under leaves or weeds. She
spent a good deal of time, during these pauses, in cleaning herself,
and a good deal of time also in doing something to the spider which we
could not understand. She seemed to be biting the legs, near the body,
beginning with an anterior leg on one side and working backward, and
then repeating the operation on the other side. She went through this
squeezing process again and again, and to us it looked as though she
might be trying to force back the juices from the legs into the body
preparatory to cutting them off; but after a time she would seize her
prey and start on again. She had made her way along in this fashion
for some ten feet, when a second wasp appeared and alighted on a weed
near by. This interloper was a trifle smaller than the other, and from
her actions was evidently greatly interested in the paralyzed spider.
When the Pompilus stopped for a moment the other moved from stem to
stem in a stealthy manner just as a cat stalks a bird. The rightful
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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