Wasps, Social and SolitaryPeckham, George W. (George Williams)
Science
Wasps, Social and Solitary
Peckham, George W. (George Williams)
Wasps
EARLY in September a little black Tachytes suddenly became very common
in the garden. The first one that we saw was going forwards in a series
of long jumps, carrying a small grasshopper which was held by the base
of the antennæ. She soon doubled on her tracks, and it became evident
that she did not know her way; but after going about in circles for
two minutes she ran into her nest. When she came out she spent a long
time in circling around, flying close to the ground in wavy, snaky
lines, occasionally alighting to run a few steps; but in spite of this
locality study, ten minutes later, when she came jumping along with her
second grasshopper, she had lost her nest again and hunted about just
as before, twice going directly over it without seeing it. While she
was thus occupied another wasp of the same species attacked her and
tried to get possession of the grasshopper, but the rightful owner was
able to defend it. At last it was stored away, and she proceeded to
fill the nest, scratching the earth in with her first legs and working
it down with the tip of the abdomen. She worked quietly but steadily
for ten minutes, closing the place neatly, and then brought bits of
leaf and pieces of earth to cover it all over.
[Illustration: TACHYTES]
On the same afternoon we saw another of these wasps digging her nest,
but she was so much disturbed when we came anywhere near her that we
were obliged to retire. On the next day we saw her astride of a small
grasshopper, jumping along like the one of the day before. She too had
great trouble in finding her way. When she reached the nest she laid
her prey down while she went inside for a moment, and then, coming
out, seized it by the antennæ and backed in with it, instead of taking
it in forwards as was done in the other case.
Another wasp of this species carried a much larger grasshopper, which
was so heavy that she could not jump with it, but was obliged to keep
to the ground. In this case only one was used instead of two, which is
the usual number. This wasp was first seen at a distance of twenty feet
from her nest, and yet she went straight to the right spot without the
least confusion, showing that some individuals of the species have a
better idea of locality than others.
The nest is a short, shallow tunnel with an enlargement at the end,
within which are placed the grasshoppers, on their backs, with their
heads in. Earth is packed solidly into the tunnel, but not into the
cavity at the end.
We took two eggs of this species. Each was placed across the thorax
of the grasshopper at the base of the neck, on the ventral side. Both
hatched at the end of thirty–six hours from the time they were laid,
ate for three days, and then spun their cocoons. One of them ate only
one small grasshopper, leaving a second one untouched, while the other
finished the large grasshopper that formed her sole provision.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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