After we had moved the grasshopper away four times, she carried it into the nest, going head foremost. On the fourth and last day of our experiment, she replaced the grasshopper at the door of the nest and ran inside seven times, but then seized it and dragged it in, going backward. How shall this change in a long–established custom be explained, except by saying that her intelligence led her to adapt herself to circumstances? She was enough of a conservative to prefer the old way, but was not such a slave to custom as to be unable to vary it. “It hath been an opinion,” says Lord Bacon, “that the French are wiser than they seem, while the Spaniards seem wiser than they are.” We leave it to our readers to determine whether the wasps are wiser than they seem or seem wiser than they are. INDEX INDEX Agenia, mutilation of spiders, 243, 247. —— bombycina, 244. Ammophila, 15; stinging habits of American and French species, 28; Fabre’s conclusions contrasted with ours, 52; sleeping habits noted by Banks, 117. —— gracilis, great distance over which prey is carried, 46; failure of instinct, 46. —— polita, 50. —— urnaria, 18; sense of locality, 20; individuality, 22; using a pebble as a tool, 38. —— vulgaris, losing her way, 46. —— yarrowii, Williston’s notes on habits, 40. Aphilanthops frigidus, 167; losing her way, 171; method of capturing queen ants uncertain, 174. Aporus fasciatus, 80; habit of filling up partly made nests, 82; depends upon close packing to keep spider quiet, 83; contrast between two individuals, 84. Ashmead, W. H., on European species of Oxybelus, 78. Astata bicolor, locality study, 288. —— unicolor, locality study, 290. Banks, Nathan, observation on sleeping habits of Ammophila, 117. Bates, H. W., on habits of Monedula signata, 136. Belt, Thomas, on locality study of Polistes carnifex, 60. Bembex labiatus, note on locality sense by Bouvier, 124. —— rostrata, account of habits by Wesenberg, 139; note on locality sense by Marchand, 125. —— spinolæ, 119; less numerous progeny than other wasps, 120; habit of feeding young from day to day, 120; quarrelsome habits, 129; tolerance of parasites, 132; number of parasitic larvæ found in nests, 133; experiment to determine number of nests visited by female at one time, 139; teasing Tachysphex, 262. Bouvier, note on locality sense of Bembex labiatus, 124. Brehm, on mutilation of spiders by Agenia punctata, 243. Brues, on sleeping habits of Priononyx atrata, 118. Cerceris clypeata, 147; locality study, 149; experiments on stinging habits, 151. —— deserta, 152; locality study, 153. —— fumipennis, 142. —— nigrescens, 142. Ceropales, following Pompilus scelestus, 231. Chlorion cœruleum, 256. Crabro interruptus, 102; locality study, 105.