Wasps, Social and SolitaryPeckham, George W. (George Williams)
Science
Wasps, Social and Solitary
Peckham, George W. (George Williams)
Wasps
In this species the male does not always come out of the nest when
the female brings a spider, the nest being enough larger than in
rubrocinctum to accommodate them both comfortably. As a usual thing,
however, he enters on the back of the female. The spiders brought by
albopilosum are larger than those used by rubrocinctum. They sometimes
bring such heavy specimens of Epeira insularis that they are carried
with difficulty, the wasp alighting and dragging the spider into the
hole instead of flying directly in as usual.
We watched a number of albopilosum nests during the second summer,
finding them in several instances through the loud humming of the
female while she was pushing the spiders into her hole. From our not
very extensive study of the spiders taken by this species we are of the
opinion that some are killed at the moment of capture, while others
that are only paralyzed die in the nest from day to day.
Mr. W. H. Ashmead has noted that albopilosum stores its nest with
aphides, but in the cases that we observed they used only spiders.
There can be no mistake on this point, as we more than once took the
spider from the wasp as she was entering the nest. In a recent letter
Mr. Ashmead says that his notes were made in the field, and that he
probably mistook some closely allied species for this one.
We are not as familiar with the habits of T. bidentatum as with those
of the other two, but we have a few notes relating to the female. This
little worker is the smallest of the three, and like her sisters is a
confirmed spider–hunter. Once, when out among the raspberry bushes, we
had the good fortune to witness a capture. The wasp seized the spider,
as it rested on a leaf, by the top of the cephalothorax, and, holding
it firmly, curved her abdomen under and stabbed the ventral face of
the cephalothorax. All her motions were deliberate, and after the
operation she delayed a moment before picking it up by a leg and flying
off. We often found raspberry stems which had been filled with spiders
by this wasp, but we do not know the length of time required for the
development of the egg, nor how long the larva eats before pupation.
The cocoon is very different in appearance from those of rubrocinctum
and albopilosum, being exceedingly long, slender, and almost white,
instead of short, wide, and brown. The perfect insects come out in
September, and the last cocoon formed is the first one to hatch. This
was also true of the cocoons of rubrocinctum formed in straws.
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