Wasps, Social and SolitaryPeckham, George W. (George Williams)
Science
Wasps, Social and Solitary
Peckham, George W. (George Williams)
Wasps
The next point is to decide upon the precise spot for the nest,
and here our wasp shows herself very uncertain and hard to please.
Never have we seen one settle down and complete her work in the spot
first chosen. She dashes at a place and scratches and digs away with
furious energy for a few minutes, and then, starting up, she darts
wildly hither and thither until a new place, near by, is fixed upon
and another beginning made. In one instance eight nests were started
and some of them nearly finished, the little worker seeming to be
beside herself with excitement. After the decision is finally made the
tunneling is a rapid process. In one case it took the wasp a whole hour
to complete the work, but out of the thirty nests that we saw made,
nineteen were finished in from twenty to twenty–five minutes. Like
Fabre’s Sphex the wasp interrupts herself three or four times to visit
her spider and make sure that it is safe. When all is done she brings
the strix to within a foot or two of the opening, runs to the nest to
take a final look, and then, going backward herself, pulls it inside.
In two instances we saw the fidgety little creature go through a most
comical performance, which again recalls the Sphex of Fabre. Leaving
her treasure on the ground, she ran to the nest and kicked out a little
more earth; hastening back she dragged it an inch nearer; then away she
went to the nest again for more digging, and so on, dropping her spider
half a dozen times before she at last brought it home. In two other
cases in which there was no such anxiety about the size of the nest,
there was, in reality, more reason for it. Indeed, in one instance the
opening had to be enlarged before the spider could be taken in. There
is a wide–winged parasitic fly that, having nothing else to do, lays
prodigious numbers of eggs, not in any particular nest, but at the
edge of holes wherever it may chance to see them. It hovers about over
the ground until it comes to an opening, dips down twice or thrice,
ovipositing each time, and then passes along. The habit of scratching
out a little dirt at the threshold, just before the prey is brought in,
seemingly from a desire to enlarge the nest, or in other cases from
mere nervousness, is perhaps of use in destroying these eggs, which
might otherwise adhere to the spider or caterpillar as it is dragged
over them.
The laying of the egg takes only two or three minutes, and then the
hole is filled up. In this part of her work quinquenotatus shows a
great deal of variation, sometimes coming out of the hole and sweeping
in the dirt with her first legs and sometimes standing in the tunnel
while she draws the earth in with her mandibles and then jams it down
with the end of her abdomen. The former plan was in vogue in the
garden, while the latter was more common with the wasps on the island.
After the hole is filled the spot is covered with pellets of earth
and pebbles brought from a little distance, very much as is done by
Ammophila.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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