[42] The rights to certain lands on the upper Muskingum Valley, where David Zeisberger had located the Moravian towns in 1773, were vested in the Moravian Church. Gnadenhutten, Ohio, was, technically, the first white settlement in Ohio after the French locations along the Lakes. King's _Ohio_, p. 119. [43] Hinsdale's _Old Northwest_ (1888), pp. 290-292. [44] _Historic Highways of America_, vol. viii. [45] _The Navigator_ (fifth edition), Pittsburg, 1806. [46] "Planters are large bodies of trees firmly fixed by their roots in the bottom of the river, in a perpendicular manner, and appearing no more than about a foot above the surface of the water in its middling state. So firmly are they rooted, that the largest boat running against them, will not move them, but they frequently injure the boat. "Sawyers, are likewise bodies of trees fixed less perpendicularly in the river, and rather of a less size, yielding to the pressure of the current, disappearing and appearing by turns above water, similar to the motion of a saw-mill saw, from which they have taken their name. "Wooden-Islands, are places where by some cause or other, large quantities of drift wood, has through time, been arrested and matted together in different parts of the river." [47] Harris's _Tour_ (1805), p. 38. [48] Harris's _Pittsburgh Business Directory for the year 1837_, pp. 178, 287. [49] _Id._, p. 277. [50] _The American Pioneer_, vol. ii, p. 271. [51] _Historic Highways of America_, vol. i, p. 57. [52] See note 55. [53] Cassedy's _History of Louisville_, pp. 64-67. [54] _American Pioneer_, vol. ii, p. 63. [55] _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, vol. iv, p. 183; xii, p. 400; vii, p. 371. [56] An itinerary of the route from New Orleans northward is given in _The Navigator_ (1817), p. 306. For a description of the journey see _American Pioneer_, March, 1842. [57] _American Pioneer_, vol. ii, pp. 163-164. [58] Harris: _Tour_, pp. 30-31; cf. p. 139 where the author states the historical succession of river craft as: canoe, pirogue, keel-boat, barge, and ark. [59] Interview with William DeForest published in the Cincinnati _Commercial Gazette_, May, 1883. [60] Dr. S. P. Hildreth's _Pioneer History_, p. 205. [61] Collins's _History of Kentucky_, vol. ii, pp. 113-114. [62] Burner's _Notes_, p. 400. [63] Cassedy's _History of Louisville_, p. 64. [64] Butler's Journal for October 9, 1785, _The Olden Time_, vol. ii, p. 442. Cf. _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, vol. xi, p. 13, note. [65] Harris's _Pittsburgh Business Directory (1837)_, pp. 276-277. [66] Harris: _Tour_, p. 43. [67] _Id._, pp. 52-53. [68] _Id._, pp. 140-141. [69] _The Navigator_ (1811), p. 69. [70] _The Navigator_, (1811), pp. 31-33. [71] The authority for these and many of the following facts is derived from a _Memorial of the Citizens of Cincinnati to the Congress of the United States Relative to the Navigation of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers_, Cincinnati, 1844.