Standard Oil Company; Trusts, Industrial -- United States
The Omaha _Daily Bee_ of November 24, 1891, gives a careful analysis
of the recently amended inspection law of Nebraska. It shows that in
many important points the law has been changed so as to put the safety
of the people in the power of the combination which supplies almost
all the oil used in the State. The standard required has been lowered.
The liability to a charge of manslaughter for death resulting from bad
oil has been changed to a liability for damages. The method of making
the tests has been changed for the worse. No provision has been made
for the protection of travellers by the inspection of oil used by
the railroads, although accidents and serious ones, from the use of
dangerous oil were frequent in the trains and at stations.[603] The
_Bee_ said editorially of the oil combination that it had "managed, by
its shrewdness in enacting this law, to make Nebraska the refuse tank
for its rejected Eastern oil, and at the same time to crowd out of the
State about all opposition." By means of this lowering of the test, oil
that was too poor to pass in Iowa could be sent on to Nebraska and sold
there. The _Bee_ gives instances where this was done.
The _Bee_ continued its investigations in 1893. It declared, December
5, 1893, that the inspection law, imperfect at best, was "being still
further annulled by the open defiance of the leading oil companies." It
declared "the leading violator" to be one of the principal companies
in the oil combination. In a later issue the _Bee_ printed the result
of tests made for it of oils purchased in the principal towns of
the State. In almost every such case these showed that oils which
were below the test were being sold to the people as good under the
guarantee of the State. Some of them were "as safe for household use as
dynamite," the _Bee_ stated. It said editorially, December 15, 1893,
that it had in its possession a letter from the secretary of the Iowa
State Board of Health affirming that oil condemned by the State of Iowa
is shipped to Nebraska. The oil inspector of the State made a vigorous
denial, but the _Bee_ refused to withdraw its statements. Its tests,
it said, had been made by competent chemists. A suit is now pending
in San Francisco, brought by the New Zealand Fire Insurance Company
against the oil combination. It is charged that it sold low-test oil,
that its inflammability caused fire and destruction of a dwelling
insured by the insurance company, which was compelled to pay the loss.
Some power, certainly not originating among the people, has for years,
in States where the inspection laws required a high quality of oil,
been at work procuring a reduction of the test. In some cases this
has been accomplished only after persistent lobbying for years, as in
Michigan. The test in Michigan has been lowered by legislation, as
in Nebraska, and with similar results. The reports of the Michigan
State Board of Health show that as the standard was lowered, fires and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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