Standard Oil Company; Trusts, Industrial -- United States
This maintenance of prices until some "power for evil" appears with
lower rates, then wars to kill, and raising of prices if the war
ends in victory--these phenomena of cheapness continue to date. Many
chapters could be filled with accounts of these wars of which record
has been kept. To merely name the battle-fields would require pages.
When the combination, through its agents, attacked Toledo in the courts
for undertaking the municipal supply of natural gas, it "urged," as
it is quoted in the language of the decision, "that the main object
and primary purpose of the act is to enable the city to supply its
individual inhabitants with fuel for private use and consumption at
a cheaper rate than they can obtain it from other sources." The act
of the Legislature gave Toledo "a power for evil." At Denver oil was
sold at 25 cents a gallon until an independent company began refining
the petroleum which abounds in the Rocky Mountain basin. During the
Colorado war of 1892 all the familiar tactics--cut rates, espionage,
and all--were employed. This continued after the dissolution of the
trust as before, showing that its change of name and form meant no
real change. In Pueblo and Colorado Springs the price was put down
to 5 cents a gallon from 25 cents. In Denver the price was made 7
cents. Spotters followed the wagons of the independent company to spy
out its customers, and get them, by threats or bribes, to sign away
their right to buy where they could buy cheapest. The comments of the
local press did credit to the inspiriting mountain air of the American
Switzerland. The complaint recently filed with the Interstate Commerce
Commission by a dealer of the Pacific coast charges that, among other
discriminations injurious to the public, the rates between the Pacific
coast and Colorado were so manipulated that the oil found in the Rocky
Mountains and refined in Colorado could not be shipped to California
and the other Pacific states. Consumers there had to buy the oil of the
trust hauled all the way from Cleveland or Chicago. When an independent
refiner ran the blockade into New York, in 1892, and began selling to
the people from tank wagons, the price fell in New York, Brooklyn,
and Jersey City from 8 and 8-1/2 to 4 and 4-1/2 cents. The St. Louis
_Chronicle_ of May 19, 1892, reports a reduction of the price of the
best grade of oil to 5 cents a gallon--"the fortieth reduction," it
says, made since an independent company "entered the field three years
ago, at which time the price was 14-1/2 cents," as it would be still
but for competition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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