Then the sole carrier--the pipe-line company--refused to take the oil into its pipes--the oil as it came out of the wells--unless first sold to its other self, the oil combination. This was called "immediate shipment." Forced to waste or sell his oil, the producer, under this compulsion, had to take what he could get.[177] The Hon. Lewis Emery, Jr., a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania, gave the authorities of the State an account of the "immediate shipment" evolution of American market liberty. "We go down," he said, "to the office and stand in a line, sometimes half a day--people in a line reaching out into the street--sixty and seventy of us. When our turn comes we go in and ask them to buy, and they graciously will take it. I am an owner in six different companies, and we all suffer the same." To educate the producer to sell "always below the market," the Pipe Line let his oil spill itself on the ground for a few days. "We lost a considerable amount of oil, probably several thousand barrels," another producer said. "Will you state at what price as compared with the market price, whether above or below, you sold that oil?" "It was always below." Asked why he sold it below the market, he said: "Because the line would not run it until it was sold."[178] The hills of Pennsylvania began to growl and redden as in 1872. The Secretary of Internal Affairs was hung in effigy. Mass meetings were held--some tumultuous, others quiet; processions of masked men marched the streets, and groaned and hooted in front of the newspaper offices and the business places of the combination. In the morning the streets and sidewalks were frequently found placarded with cabalistic signs and letters, and occasionally printed proclamations and warnings. Most of the lending newspapers of the region had been either absolutely purchased by the oil combination or paid to keep silence. Others occasionally broke forth in violent articles advising the use of force.[179] In the McKean County field the people rose in rebellion. They got up a Phantom Party, in its provocation and spirit much like a phantom party which, contrary to law and order, boarded some ships in Boston harbor a century before. One thousand men, wrapped in white sheets, marched by night from Tarport to Bradford, the headquarters in that province of the sole buyer. Not a word was spoken.