=Concluding Remarks.=—In conclusion, it may be pointed out that it is only by a careful selection of soil that we may expect tree planting to be successful, and I have no hesitation in saying that many failures can be clearly traced to errors of judgment in the selection of trees for planting on particular soils. The subject is a wide and complicated one, and it must be admitted that very perplexing diversities occur with the same kinds of trees on what, to all appearance, is the same class of soil. There are, of course, other considerations beyond the soil itself which must be taken into account, such as aspect, elevation, and whether the ground is inland or on the coast. With reference to some of the newer conifers it must be admitted that soil and situation have a wonderful influence on their successful culture, and this applies in particular to such kinds as are not perfectly hardy and liable to injury by unseasonable frost. The too common practice of selecting warm and sheltered spots for such is, in the main, to be condemned. It may be said that _Abies cephalonica_ and _A. Pinsapo_ are not worth growing, and in many places they are not, but when planted on limestone or chalk they are highly ornamental. The same holds good in the case of _Tsuga Mertensiana_, _Picea Sitchensis_, and _P. excelsa_, which are rarely seen in good form except on soil of a peaty description. Every one at all interested in trees and shrubs knows that there are certain kinds which in a state of Nature are only found growing in a peaty soil, mixed it may be more or less with sand, and any attempt to cultivate them in other soils is productive of very unsatisfactory results. Who would ever think of planting the so-called American or peat plants, Cape Heaths, etc., amongst gravel or chalk, or Rhododendrons where lime is present in the soil? And these facts show us that there is something in the composition of certain soils only suitable for the requirements of a certain class of plants. Another curious fact is this, that when growing on certain soils the timber of one species of tree is found to be far more durable than in others. Deep loamy soil and soft peat produce timber that is usually of a second-rate description, being deficient in firmness. By studying the geological strata of a district much useful information may be learnt regarding the trees best suited for planting. The following alphabetical table will serve to show at a glance the trees that have been found best suited for planting in the class of soil under which they are enumerated:— RECLAIMED PEAT BOG. _Hardwoods._ Alnus glutinosa Populus alba —— —— imperialis —— balsamifera —— —— laciniata —— canadensis Betula alba Quercus Robur, and vars. Cerasus Padus Salix fragilis —— vulgaris Tilia europeæ Fagus sylvatica Ulmus alata —— —— purpurea —— montana _Conifers._