A bent wire has often been successfully used in dislodging the caterpillar. The =Holly Fly= (_Phytomyza aquifolia_).—The foliage of the holly is frequently very much disfigured by the grubs of the holly fly, which burrow beneath the upper skin of the leaves, feeding on the internal substance. This imparts a blistered and discoloured appearance, which, in the case of ornamental varieties, is anything but desirable. Probably no great damage to the infested trees is brought about, but the wholesale destruction of the leaves, as is often the case, cannot but weaken the plant. In May and June the flies make their appearance, and lay their eggs beneath the upper skin of the leaf, from which the grubs, about one-fifth of an inch long, are hatched. These work their way beneath the skin of the leaves, forming small tracks of a more or less circular shape, thus causing the large and unsightly blisters. They quit the leaves about March, by making small holes in the skin of the leaf, and afterwards become chrysalides. The fly is small and inconspicuous. Picking off and destroying affected leaves, or crushing the grub by pinching the blisters are the only ways of lessening the attacks. The =Oak Leaf Roller Moth= (_Tortrix viridana_).—The widespread destruction caused to oak-woods in almost every part of the country by the caterpillars of this little moth would seem to be on the increase from year to year. But it is not the oak alone that suffers, for numbers of the hornbeam and beech are in an equally pitiable condition. Having closely watched this insect for several years, mainly with the view of striving to keep it in check or devise some means of destruction, I have come to the conclusion that a few individual trees may, at considerable expense, be rid of the pest, but in the case of whole woodlands artificial treatment is quite out of the question. Many observers are under the impression that the caterpillar is most abundant where the trees grow closest together, and when we consider that both wind and rain destroy numbers of these, the fact of isolated trees, which, consequently, are most exposed to storms, being comparatively free from attack is not to be wondered at. So far as we know at present, the only way to diminish in any appreciable degree the numbers of this insect is by encouraging as much as possible its enemies. The rook, jackdaw, starling, thrush and sparrow help immensely in destroying the caterpillars, and the occupants of a rookery will frequently in a few hours clear the pest from the trees over a considerable area of woodland. The same has been noted with regard to the starling, and I have frequently seen the trees over an infested area almost black with this particular bird when in the act of feeding on the caterpillars.