Amongst the Cypresses are several upright-growing forms, probably the best, and certainly the most widely distributed, being Lawson’s erect Cypress (_Cupressus Lawsoniana erecta viridis_), of dense, erect habit and with vivid green foliage. _Cupressus macrocorpa lutea_, raised by Messrs. Dicksons, of Chester, has a decidedly neat and upright habit of growth, while the distinct golden tint of the foliage renders it a desirable acquisition for ornamental planting. Than the Irish Yew (_Taxus baccata fastigiata_) with its dark sombre foliage and neat columnar outline, few evergreens are more conspicuous and effective. This favourite and far-distributed variety originated at Florence Court, in Ireland, a century and a quarter ago. _Cupressus macrocarpa fastigiata_ is a well-marked variety in which the branches closely press to the main stem. The foliage is of the brightest green, and the long whip-cord-like shoots with the conspicuous reddish back, impart a peculiar grace to healthy specimens. _C. torulosa_, for planting where space is confined, is a decided acquisition, the easy though columnar habit of growth, slender branchlets and bright glaucous foliage being all points of recommendation. The upright form of the Birch (_Betula alba fastigiata_) has a peculiarity of habit that, associated with the slender weeping shoots, is highly ornamental; while _Cornus stricta_ and the upright variety of our common Hawthorn have both points of recommendation. CHAPTER XII TREES BEST ADAPTED FOR VARIOUS SOILS