12. What part did Gustavus Adolphus and Richelieu play in the Thirty Years’ War? How may we reconcile Richelieu’s political acts with his religious convictions? 13. What nations were engaged in the War of the Spanish Succession? What issues were at stake? What were the important provisions of the Peace of Utrecht (1713)? 14. What was the revolution of 1688 in England? How was it accomplished? 15. What is meant by the cabinet system of government? Account for the advance of cabinet government in the reigns of George I and George II. 16. For what qualities and what acts was the Great Elector (Frederick William of Prussia) noted? 17. State the cause and the result of the first war between Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa. Name two famous battles of the Seven Years’ War in which Frederick the Great was victorious. 18. State the results of the Seven Years’ War for France according to the provisions of the Treaty of Paris (1763). 19. Why were Frederick the Great, Catherine II of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria called “enlightened despots”? Describe the work of any one of these rulers. 20. Outline two of the fundamental causes for the unrest in France during the early years of the reign of Louis XVI. * * * * * 1. State concisely the achievements of--(_a_) De Narvaez; (_b_) De Soto; (_c_) Hudson; (_d_) La Salle. 2. (_a_) Where and when was the first permanent English settlement in America made? (_b_) What arrangement was made for the government of this settlement? 3. (_a_) When and where did the first colonial assembly in America meet? (_b_) What was Bacon’s Rebellion? (_c_) When and where was the first permanent English settlement in New England established? 4. (_a_) What brought the first settlers to Maryland? (_b_) Who was their leader? 5. (_a_) What was the immediate cause of the Revolutionary War? (_b_) What were “writs of assistance”? (_c_) What was the “Mutiny Act”? 6. (_a_) When and where did the first Continental Congress meet? (_b_) What was accomplished by this Congress? (_c_) Name the original thirteen colonies. 7. (_a_) Who were the principal leaders in the two battles of Saratoga? (_b_) What were the effects on the American people of these battles? (_c_) What was the Wyoming Massacre? 8. (_a_) What European country was the first to acknowledge the American independence? (_b_) In what ways did this country aid in bringing the Revolutionary War to a successful close? 9. State the significance of the following in United States history: (_a_) Shays’ Rebellion; (_b_) Steuben; (_c_) Alien and sedition laws; (_d_) Kosciusko. 10. (_a_) What were the causes of the war with England in 1812? (_b_) What treaty ended this struggle? (_c_) Who was President of the United States during this war?