What America did : $b A record of achievement in the prosecution of the warKelly, Florence Finch
History
What America did : $b A record of achievement in the prosecution of the war
Kelly, Florence Finch
World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The War Labor Policies Board was thus the organization through which
spoke the voice of all the industrial agencies of the Government
and behind its administration of industrial relations was all the
power of the Government. It worked out a national policy for the
distribution of labor which was executed through the agency of the
United States Employment Service. By means of conferences between the
representatives of organized labor and industrial management it did
much toward the standardizing and stabilizing of wages. It endeavored
to bring about proper standards and satisfactory conditions of labor.
By anti-child-labor regulations in all Government contracts it kept
a restraining hand on the evident tendency toward employment of
children that had been induced on the part of employers by the need
for labor and on the part of parents by the possibility of greatly
increased earnings. It adopted a policy toward the employment of women
in industry which aimed to keep women out of unfit occupations and to
provide such standards and conditions in the occupations to which they
were admitted as would conserve their health and welfare. It advised
the more general employment of older men for many kinds of work rather
than that of women or boys, and largely because of its support of this
policy the age of engaging men advanced during the war by ten years,
until men of fifty were able to find employment.
The first task which the War Labor Policies Board undertook was that of
bringing order out of the chaotic condition which had quickly developed
through the bidding for labor against one another of all employers,
both public and private, and the working out of a national policy for
the distribution of labor. The existing machinery of the United States
Employment Service, very greatly enlarged and strengthened as soon as
funds for that purpose were available, was used in the execution of
this policy. Offices were established in the several states, their
number soon totaling 400, and a decentralized system was worked out
consisting of state and community labor boards, upon all of which there
was joint representation of employers, employees and the United States
Employment Service. These made it possible to list and keep constant
check upon the supply of labor and the demand for it in every part
of the country and within a very short time to move an excess of the
supply in one place to another in which there was need. These community
labor boards were organized in every state of the Union and by the
first of September, 1918, were at work in 1000 industrial centers.
In every application for work the schooling and the occupational
experience and training of the applicant were stated, thus making it
easy to match the job with the man. By the end of the summer the U. S.
Employment Service had made placements of almost 2,000,000 wage earners.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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