What Cheer; Or, Roger Williams in Banishment: A PoemDurfee, Job
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What Cheer; Or, Roger Williams in Banishment: A Poem
Durfee, Job
Williams, Roger, 1604?-1683 -- Poetry
Sowaniu, or the Paradise of the Indians, was supposed to be an island
in the far southwest. It was the favorite residence of their great god,
Cawtantowit, and the land of departed spirits. The balmy southwest was
a gale breathed from the heaven of the Indians.
STANZA LXXX.
_“And may the Manittoo of dreams,” he said, &c._
Manittoo--a God. It is a word which seems to have been applied to an
extraordinary power, or mysterious influence. Any astonishing effect,
produced by a cause which the Indians could not comprehend, they appear
to have ascribed to the agency of a Manittoo. It is natural for man to
draw his ideas of power or causation, from what he feels in himself;
and when he does so, he will ascribe the effects which he observes to
the influence of mind. As he advances in knowledge the number of these
mysterious agents diminishes, until at last he is forced upon the idea
of one great, designing, first cause or agent. Man, from his very
constitution, therefore, must be a believer in the existence of God.
He approaches a knowledge of his unity by degrees, and improves in his
religious opinions in the same manner as he advances to the science
of astronomy. How essential then is that freedom of opinion which our
Founder sought to establish!
CANTO SECOND.
STANZA XIII.
_In a vast eagle’s form embodied, He
Did o’er the deep on outstretched pinions spring._
It was the belief of the Chippewas, a tribe supposed to have descended
from the same original stock (Lenni Lenape) with the Narragansets,
that, before the earth appeared, all was one vast body of waters; that
the Great Spirit, assuming the shape of a mighty eagle, whose eyes
were as fire, and the sound of whose wings was as thunder, passed
over the abyss, and that, upon his touching the water, the earth rose
from the deep. It was a prevailing tradition among the Delawares and
other tribes, according to Heckewelder, that the earth was an island,
supported on the back of a huge tortoise, called in the text Unamis.
It is the object of the author to embrace in the text a selection of
their scattered traditions on the subject of creation, and to give them
something like the consistency of a system. Waban, therefore, adopting
their leading ideas, has drawn out his description into the appropriate
sequency of events. Their Creator was a Manittoo, a mysteriously
operating power, and of the same nature as that principle of causation
which they felt in themselves, as constituting their own being. The
term _Cowwewonck_, in the Narraganset dialect, signified the soul, and
was derived from _Cowwene_, to sleep; because, said they, it operates
when the body sleeps. Hence in the text, whilst the Great Spirit
slept, he is represented as commencing the work of creation--operating
on the immense of waters as a part of his own being, and imparting
to it organic existences, (as the soul from itself creates its own
conceptions,) thus giving a sort of dreamy existence to the earth and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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