NOTE.--I thought that I could not bring before the audience the character of this decoration adequately, except by showing some of the designs, and some of the furniture, on a screen. Some of the pictures were taken from Niccolini’s magnificent _Art of Pompeii_ (Naples, 1876-92), the Curator having allowed me to use the expensive process of photographing in colours, in order to show not only the design, but the rich colours of the Pompeian walls. VI SCIENCE: GRAMMAR--LOGIC--MATHEMATICS--MEDICINE When I speak to you of Greek Science, of course I use the word in the old and proper sense to include all strict reasoning, especially of the deductive kind, particularly therefore pure Mathematics, and not merely the inferences from observation and experiment which now commonly assume and even monopolise the title of Science. I often see in educational programmes Science and Mathematics contrasted as distinct things, which indeed in this case they are, only because the Science so-called is often unworthy of the name. Sciences of observation were, I think, not formulated by the Greeks except in the case of Medicine, in which their results are still quoted with respect; in the case of Hydrostatics, as Heron’s great book shows; and in the case of Natural History, in which they made the first collection of facts that modern men of science can use; but we have lost what they said on their artistic observations, namely their minute observations of the anatomy of the human body, which, as I have told you, their sculptors learned to represent with such accuracy that no modern anatomist can find a flaw in their work. This was done by careful external observation, for the practice of dissecting the human body would have seemed to them impious and horrible. But, whenever it was possible, the Greeks went back to first principles and framed a theory from which they deduced the facts; and this it is which has made their science so valuable. It will not be hard to show you how in Logic--the Science of Reasoning,--in Arithmetic, and in Geometry--the science of the laws of lines, of figures, and of solid bodies in space--they are our teachers to the present day.