fertilizers needed and used in Westchester Co., N. Y., 118; where not needed, 119; unprofitable use of Guano, 120; exceptions to the general rule, 120; the other fertilizers, 120; author's trial of Guano, 121; not of general application, 121; experiments and careful observation recommended, 122; results that may be expected, 123; the earth closet, 123; importance of it and kindred devices, 123; oyster-shell lime is the best, 128; the fertilizers to be used in preparing for an orchard, 142-3; treatment of swamp muck for potatoes, 173; fertilizers for potatoes when muck cannot be had, 173-4; supposed inquiry of the people of Warren Co., N. Y, "How shall we obtain fertilizers?" 192; answered, 193; a Maine essayist on sourness of the soil and its remedy, 232-3; necessity for scientific knowledge on the effects of, 232; importance of some standard to go by in using, 234-5; the digging and drawing of clay as winter work, 306; value of clay for grass land, 306; procuring commercial fertilizers, as winter work, 306. FRUIT: a profitable fruit farm on the Hudson, 14; culture of, 35, 37, 107; ravages of insects on fruits, 129-30. PEACHES--PEARS--CHERRIES--GRAPES, chap. xxvii, 156; adaptability of American climates as regards fruit-growing, 157; why the climates of some sections are unfavorable for the most valued tree fruits, 156-7; author's personal observations, 157; difficulties attending the growing of finer fruits, 158; counsel thereon to farmers mainly engaged in the production of grain and cattle, 157-8; grape-growing, 159; the mistake of neglecting vines, 159; experiment recommended, 159; necessary precautions, 160; the course recommended to a farmer who proposes to grow pears, peaches, and quinces, 160-1, 168, 228, 232, 259; the descriptions of fruit grown by small farmers, 294; fruit culture would decline should small farms be generally absorbed into larger, 294; treatment of fruit-trees in winter, 307. GAMMA GRASS, 261. GARDA, Lake, 75. GENESEE, Valley of the, 163, 165, 292. GEOLOGY, 30, 190, 231. GERMANY, 289. GRAIN, 22, 35, 40, 107, 110, 118, 125, 126, 132, 157, 167, 186, 206, 228, 235, 239, 264, 266, 291, 293, 294, 296. _See also_ CORN. GRAPES, 16, 59, 140, 226, 294. _See also_ FRUITS. GREAT BASIN, the, 138, 278, 317. GREAT BRITAIN, 179, 238. GRASS, 22, 40, 43, 67, 68, 95, 107, 110, 121, 152-3, 191, 232, 238, 239, 264. _See also_ PASTURING AND HAY.