The Hebrews expressed the same idea by the word _gannab_,--robber,--from the verb _ganab_, which means to put away, to turn aside: _lo thi-gnob (Decalogue: Eighth Commandment_), thou shalt not steal,--that is, thou shalt not hold back, thou shalt not put away any thing for thyself. That is the act of a man who, on entering into a society into which he agrees to bring all that he has, secretly reserves a portion, as did the celebrated disciple Ananias. The etymology of the French verb _voler_ is still more significant. _Voler_, or _faire la vole_ (from the Latin _vola_, palm of the hand), means to take all the tricks in a game of ombre; so that _le voleur_, the robber, is the capitalist who takes all, who gets the lion's share. Probably this verb _voler_ had its origin in the professional slang of thieves, whence it has passed into common use, and, consequently into the phraseology of the law. Robbery is committed in a variety of ways, which have been very cleverly distinguished and classified by legislators according to their heinousness or merit, to the end that some robbers may be honored, while others are punished. We rob,--1. By murder on the highway; 2. Alone, or in a band; 3. By breaking into buildings, or scaling walls; 4. By abstraction; 5. By fraudulent bankruptcy; 6. By forgery of the handwriting of public officials or private individuals; 7. By manufacture of counterfeit money. This species includes all robbers who practise their profession with no other aid than force and open fraud. Bandits, brigands, pirates, rovers by land and sea,--these names were gloried in by the ancient heroes, who thought their profession as noble as it was lucrative. Nimrod, Theseus, Jason and his Argonauts; Jephthah, David, Cacus, Romulus, Clovis and all his Merovingian descendants; Robert Guiscard, Tancred de Hauteville, Bohemond, and most of the Norman heroes,--were brigands and robbers. The heroic character of the robber is expressed in this line from Horace, in reference to Achilles,-- _"Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis_," [27] and by this sentence from the dying words of Jacob (Gen. xlviii.), which the Jews apply to David, and the Christians to their Christ: _Manus ejus contra omnes_. In our day, the robber--the warrior of the ancients--is pursued with the utmost vigor. His profession, in the language of the code, entails ignominious and corporal penalties, from imprisonment to the scaffold. A sad change in opinions here below! We rob,--8. By cheating; 9. By swindling; 10. By abuse of trust; 11. By games and lotteries.