In _great men_ we find the specific qualities of life in their highest manifestation: injustice, falsehood, exploitation. But inasmuch as their effect has always been _overwhelming,_ their essential nature has been most thoroughly misunderstood, and interpreted as goodness. 370-371 We must _not_ make men "better," we must _not_ talk to them about morality in any form as if "morality in itself," or an ideal kind of man in general, could be taken for granted; but we must _create circumstances_ in which _stronger men are necessary,_ such as for their part will require a morality (or, better still: a bodily and spiritual discipline) which makes men strong, and upon which they will consequently insist! 379 We must not separate greatness of soul from intellectual greatness. For the former involves _independence;_ but without intellectual greatness independence should not be allowed; all it does is to create disasters even in its lust of well-doing and of practising "justice." Inferior spirits _must_ obey, consequently they cannot be possessed of greatness. 380 I teach that there are higher and lower men, and that a single individual may under certain circumstances justify whole millenniums of existence--that is to say, a wealthier, more gifted, greater, and more complete man, as compared with innumerable imperfect and fragmentary men. 386 He who _determines_ values and leads the will of millenniums, and does this by leading the highest natures--he _is the highest man._ 386 We should attain to such a height, to such a lofty eagle's ledge, in our observation, as to be able to understand that everything happens, _just as it ought to happen:_ and that all "imperfection," and the pain it brings, belong to all that which is most eminently desirable. 389 _Pleasure_ appears with the feeling of power. _Happiness_ means that power and triumph have entered into our consciousness. _Progress_ is the strengthening of the type, the ability to exercise great will-power: everything else is a misunderstanding and a danger. 403 Man is a combination of the _beast and the superbeast:_ higher man a combination of the monster and the superman: these opposites belong to each other. With every degree of a man's growth towards greatness and loftiness, he also grows downwards into the depths and into the terrible:... 405