What to Do? Thoughts Evoked By the Census of MoscowTolstoy, Leo, graf
Philosophy
What to Do? Thoughts Evoked By the Census of Moscow
Tolstoy, Leo, graf
Moscow (Russia) -- Social conditions; Social problems
It is the same with money. I possess a magic, inexhaustible ruble; I cut
off my coupons, and have retired from all the business of the world.
Whom do I injure,—I, the most inoffensive and kindest of men? But this
is nothing more than playing at loto or roulette, where I do not see the
man who shoots himself, because of his losses, after procuring for me
those coupons which I cut off from the bonds so accurately with a
strictly right-angled corner.
I have done nothing, I do nothing, and I shall do nothing, except cut off
those coupons; and I firmly believe that money is the representative of
labor! Surely, this is amazing! And people talk of madmen, after that!
Why, what degree of lunacy can be more frightful than this? A sensible,
educated, in all other respects sane man lives in a senseless manner, and
soothes himself for not uttering the word which it is indispensably
necessary that he should utter, with the idea that there is some sense in
his conclusions, and he considers himself a just man. Coupons—the
representatives of toil! Toil! Yes, but of whose toil? Evidently not
of the man who owns them, but of him who labors.
Slavery is far from being suppressed. It has been suppressed in Rome and
in America, and among us: but only certain laws have been abrogated; only
the word, not the thing, has been put down. Slavery is the freeing of
ourselves alone from the toil which is necessary for the satisfaction of
our demands, by the transfer of this toil to others; and wherever there
exists a man who does not work, not because others work lovingly for him,
but where he possesses the power of not working, and forces others to
work for him, there slavery exists. There too, where, as in all European
societies, there are people who make use of the labor of thousands of
men, and regard this as their right,—there slavery exists in its broadest
measure.
And money is the same thing as slavery. Its object and its consequences
are the same. Its object is—that one may rid one’s self of the first
born of all laws, as a profoundly thoughtful writer from the ranks of the
people has expressed it; from the natural law of life, as we have called
it; from the law of personal labor for the satisfaction of our own wants.
And the results of money are the same as the results of slavery, for the
proprietor; the creation, the invention of new and ever new and
never-ending demands, which can never be satisfied; the enervation of
poverty, vice, and for the slaves, the persecution of man and their
degradation to the level of the beasts.
Money is a new and terrible form of slavery, and equally demoralizing
with the ancient form of slavery for both slave and slave-owner; only
much worse, because it frees the slave and the slave-owner from their
personal, humane relations.]
CHAPTER XVIII.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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