Improvised apparatus may be used, but it requires much more labor and is not as satisfactory. All milk should be sterilized or pasteurized before being used as a food for infants. The following table shows an analysis of milks and infant foods helpful in the selection of a food to supply deficiencies indicated by a chemical analysis of the infant. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MILKS AND INFANT FOODS (COMPILED) (Percentage of Composition of the Dry Substance) ———————————————+—————————+—————————+—————————+————————— | | | | |Mother’s | Cow’s |Borden’s |Horlick’s COMPONENTS | Milk | Milk | Malted | Malted | | | Milk | Milk | | | | ———————————————+—————————+—————————+—————————+————————— Protein |14.00 |27.00 |15.10 | 13.83 Fat |31.00 |31.00 | 9.20 | 7.90 Cane-Sugar | None | None | None | None Other Soluble | | | | Carbohydrates | | | | (Lactose, | | | | Maltose, etc.)|52.00[18]|36.00[18]|69.77[19]| 66.56 Starch | None | None | None | None Ash (Mineral | | | | Content) | 2.00 | 5.00 | 3.46 | 3.42 ———————————————+—————————+—————————+—————————+————————— ———————————————+—————————+———————————+—————————+————————— |Borden’s | Nestle’s |Mellin’s | Eskay’s |Condensed| Food | Food | Food COMPONENTS | Milk | (Milk | (Milk | (Milk | (Eagle |Substitute)|Modifier)|Modifier) | Brand) | | | ———————————————+—————————+———————————+—————————+————————— Protein | 10.10 | 12.40 | 12.10 | 6.82 Fat | 12.10 | 4.15 | 0.25 | 3.58 Cane-Sugar | 59.1 | 22.10 | None | None Other Soluble | | | | Carbohydrates | | | | (Lactose, | | | | Maltose, etc.)| 16.0[18]| 35.00[19]|84.00[19]| 56.78[20] Starch | None | 25.70 | None | 30.42 Ash (Mineral | | | | Content) | 2.4 | 1.62 | 3.78 | 1.00 ———————————————+—————————+———————————+—————————+————————— The following table from Holt shows at a glance the comparative average composition of human and cow’s milk: HUMAN AND COW’S MILK COMPARED —————————+————————————+——————————— | Human Milk | Cow’s Milk —————————+————————————+——————————— Fat | 4% | 4% Sugar | 7% | 4.5% Proteins | 1.5% | 3.5% Salts | 0.2% | 0.75% Water | 87.30% | 87.25% —————————+————————————+——————————— Total | 100.00% | 100.00% —————————+————————————+———————————