Whether this particular "schipman" was given over to piracy it is not possible to say, but the nature of their splendid harbour, which they protected with a great chain drawn across the narrow outlet to the sea, led the Dartmouth men into a trade which to-day goes by that name. Thus in the days of Queen Elizabeth, and even in more recent times, these lusty sailors gained a livelihood by periodical harryings of the opposite coast of Brittany, suffering in the chances of such warfare the disadvantages of sudden incursions of the Bretons, which, despite the chain and the two little castles at the mouth of the inlet, were sometimes so successful that when the Frenchmen retired there were a good many heaps of smoking ashes where comfortable homes had stood. Despite the varied turns of fortune's wheel, there are still many fine old gabled houses in Dartmouth, with overhanging upper stories rich in carved oak. The church of St. Saviour contains a finely carved pulpit, and is full of indications of the wealth and importance of Dartmouth in the past. Though a chain is no longer used to close the entrance to the Dart, the remains of the two little towers are still to be seen. [Illustration: _Photochrom Co., Ltd._ THE BUTTER MARKET AT DARTMOUTH. Although the town possesses many fine old seventeenth-century houses, these in the Butter Market are the finest examples.] RICHMOND, YORKSHIRE =How to get there.=--Train from King's Cross. Great Northern Railway. =Nearest Station.=--Richmond. =Distance from London.=--237 miles. =Average Time.=--Varies between 6-1/2 to 9-1/2 hours. 1st 2nd 3rd =Fares.=--Single 33s. 6d. ... 19s. 9d. Return 67s. 0d. ... 39s. 6d. =Accommodation Obtainable.=--"Fleece Hotel," etc. =Alternative Route.=--Train from St. Pancras _via_ Sheffield. Midland Railway. Richmond was a place of considerable importance at the time of the Norman Conquest, when William I. gave the title of Richmond to his kinsman, Alan Rufus, on his obtaining the estates of the Saxon Earl Edwin, which then extended over nearly a third of the North Riding of Yorkshire. When Henry VII., who was Earl of Richmond, came to the throne, these possessions reverted to the Crown, and many years later Charles II. gave the title to the Lennoxes, with whose descendants it still remains. The castle, which is the most striking feature of Richmond, stands on an almost perpendicular rock, 100 feet above the level of the Swale, and in its best days must have been practically impregnable. The structure is now in ruins, though the Norman keep with pinnacled corner towers is still intact, the walls being over 100 feet high and 11 feet thick. At the south-east corner is the ruin of a smaller tower, beneath which is a dungeon 15 feet deep, and at the south-western corner is another lofty tower. The castle originally covered five acres, and from its magnificent position commanded the whole of the surrounding country.