England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century; Great Britain -- History -- William IV, 1830-1837
"A seizure, more valuable than has been made in this and the
adjacent counties for many years, was effected in the Crouch
river in the course of last week. Captain Dodd, master of the
coal brig _Nancy_, of Newcastle, sold his pretended cargo of coal
to a merchant with whom he had frequently traded, and was
proceeding up the river to his destination, when the brig was
boarded by Mr. Read, chief boatman of the Crouch guard station,
who, observing something unusual in the conduct of the master,
and that he left the vessel in an abrupt manner, his suspicions
were excited, and he immediately set about an inspection, which
led to a most important discovery. The coals at the top were
found to be but a thin covering to a cargo of contraband goods,
which, with the brig and crew, were immediately taken possession
of and brought round to Collier's reach, where the cargo is now
unloading; but, the coals being so mixed with the smuggled goods,
present considerable difficulties, as it is calculated that there
are five hundred packages of spirits and dried goods. Those
already landed and safely deposited at the Custom House at
Maldon, some of which were found secreted even in the fore and
maintops, and consisting of spirits and tobacco, are estimated to
be worth £1500; and it is expected that the whole cargo, with the
brig itself, will bring from £3000 to £5000."
CHAPTER XXIX.
Legitimate trade--The "truck" system--Its downfall--State of
trade--Newspaper stamps--Steel pens--Literature--List of
authors--Painters--Sculptors.
But enough of illicit trade. What was legitimate trade doing? The
marvellous expansion which afterwards came, thanks to steam as applied
to machinery, railways, and shipping, had only just commenced; but, at
all events, a beginning had been made, and, thanks to her iron and
coal, England was able for many a long year to head the race for
commerce, hold her own with foreign competition, and even to defy it.
The Trades' Unions, which have not altogether been an unmixed
blessing, were still in their infancy, and in many trades the "truck"
system of paying the workers in kind rather than coin was the rule. It
was the payment of labour in goods or provisions instead of money; and
the mode in which it was carried on by the manufacturers was to set up
a large shop or store (commonly called a "Tommy shop"), containing all
sorts of necessaries for their workmen, so that, instead of paying
them money for their wages, tickets were given to these shops; or, in
other instances, periodical visits to them were allowed to the
mechanic or his wife, and they chose those things they were most in
need of. Under these circumstances money was very seldom, or, rather,
never paid; for, though parties to evade the law gave the money to
their workmen, yet, before they left the premises, it was all received
back again.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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