§12 Psychoses: schizophrenia, manic and paranoid psychoses, hysterical psychoses, etc. §13 Organic disorders [ ] §13.1 senescence, Alzheimer's disease [ ] §13.2 Parkinsonism/Huntington's chorea [ ] §13.3 substance-induced: alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking [ ] §13.4 organic brain dysfunctions: epilepsy, narcolepsy, amnesia, dementia, delirium {70} MATCHING YOUR GOALS AND PROBLEMS WITH MOST PROMISING THERAPIES §_1 Personal Development Goals_ These may involve either (§1.1) _adding_ new skills or qualities or (§1.2) _subtracting_ habits or undesirable traits. §1.1. There are basically two different approaches to achieving the first goal: * You identify a specific skill or personality trait you would like to develop--see Table 1, §3. For example, you may want to develop a stronger success-identity (§3.9), improve your communication skills (§3.6), gain a stronger sense of life's purpose (§3.8), or become more assertive (i.e., overcome a degree of shyness, §3.1). For references to recommended therapies for these goals, see §3 below. For vocational counseling and therapy: H, I, M * Alternatively, you decide to approach self-development with a desire for _broad-spectrum_ improvements. Therapies with this orientation are not especially concerned with highly specific behaviors or problems but attempt to treat the whole person so that self-esteem is gradually increased, as are a sense of satisfaction in daily living, enjoyment of others, and a feeling of being at ease with them. Primary therapy (judged to be generally more effective): A, B Secondary therapy (somewhat less effective): J §1.2. Refer to §3 below. §_2 Disorders Usually First Noticed in Childhood or Adolescence_ §2.1. Mental retardation: O §2.2. Autism: self-injuring behavior, withdrawal from reality: O, Y §2.3. Emotional disturbances in children: S, W §2.4. Suffering from childhood pain, neglect, or abuse: traumatic experiences from childhood, unmet childhood needs (see §3.4): A, K {71} §2.5. Behavior problems in children: O, C Hyperkinetic behavior: Primary: Y, O Secondary: Z §2.6. Delinquency and criminal behavior: O, E, H, I §2.7. Eating disorders: obesity, bulimia, anorexia nervosa: O, W §_3 Personality Trait Problems_ §3.1. Shyness/passivity: Q, C, N, D §3.2. Loneliness/emptiness: F, Q, D Sense of estrangement, alienation from others: G §3.3. Hostility/overbearing personality: E, D, N, Q §3.4. Fear of withdrawal of affection and of abandonment (also see §3.2 above): R or S, D, A §3.5. General interpersonal problems: If you are willing to work on these within a wider focus: A Involved in relating to others on an individual basis: E, P, W §3.6. Need to improve effectiveness of communication skills: D In groups of people: Q §3.7. Difficulties in coping with persons in authority: C, D