A. Psychoanalysis self-development: broad-spectrum self-disciplined 3 ++ # improvements committed suffering from childhood traumas patient fear of withdrawal of affection tolerant to frustration and of abandonment introverted interpersonal problems articulate phobias analytical compulsions reflective sexual disorders depression mania manic depression psychoses B. Client-centered self-development: broad-spectrum inhibited 2 + # improvements possessing initiative low self-worth needing acceptance, crisis intervention human warmth, and gentle encouragement C. Gestalt behavior problems in children tolerant to frustration 1-2 + to 0 shyness/passivity rigid coping with persons in authority inhibited psychosomatic disorders able to work in a group adjustment problems: minorities setting and the poor family conflicts crisis intervention {91} D. Transactional shyness/passivity interested in effective 1-2 0 # analysis loneliness/emptiness communication hostility/overbearing personality fear of withdrawal of affection and of abandonment improving effectiveness of communication coping with persons in authority phobias adjustment problems marital problems, especially those involving communication difficulties family conflicts drug abuse