A few words must here be said as to the method of fighting battles in modern war. The first step is to ascertain by scouting and reconnaissance the exact position of the enemy, and, as far as may be, his strength. Against the Boers, as indeed against any enemy, this is a matter of exceptional difficulty. Even the greatest generals in the past, when smokeless powder and long-range rifles did not exist, and when it was far easier to approach to close quarters, have found themselves mistaken in such matters. The force and position of the enemy ascertained, the next thing is to conceal from him your own intentions and, as far as possible, to strike him unexpectedly. This was not easy for the British campaigning in a country openly or secretly disloyal. When the general has determined upon battle he brings up his artillery on the enemy's flank and front, and steadily bombards. This is known as the artillery preparation. Its object is as much to cow as to kill the foe--to render his shooting uncertain, and to pave the way for the final attack, which is delivered by the infantry in very open formation, crawling forward and taking advantage of all cover, till at last the men are close enough to rush in and use the bayonet. While the artillery preparation is proceeding, infantry and cavalry work round the enemy's two flanks and endeavour to get behind him, so as to cut off his retreat and ensure the capture of his men and guns. [Illustration: A REFRACTORY MOUNT. Under the conditions of their subsidies, the Government "commandeered" a number of horses from the principal omnibus and tramway companies; horses more accustomed to running in front of a car than to riding inside one.] [Illustration: [_Photo by Murison._ EVERY MAN HIS OWN HORSE-BREAKER. Parade of the New South Wales Lancers on untrained horses at the Remount Depot, Stellenbosch.] [Sidenote: [DEC. 6-7, 1899.]