During the period from 1831 to 1880, 8568 cases of infanticide were tried before the French court of assizes. This number increased from 471 during the years 1831 to 1835 to 970 during the years 1876 to 1880. During the same period 1032 cases of criminal abortion were tried, 100 of these during the single year 1880. It goes without saying that only a small number of the artificial abortions actually practiced ever come to the notice of the courts. As a rule only such cases are brought to public attention that result in severe illness or death. The rural population furnished 75 percent of the infanticides, and the urban population furnished 67 percent of criminal abortions. The women residing in cities have more means at hand to prevent normal child-birth; therefore the cases of abortion were numerous and the cases of infanticide relatively few. In the rural districts the inverse ratio prevails. In Germany the following number of persons were convicted of infanticide: from 1882 to 1886, 884; from 1897 to 1901, 887; from 1902 to 1906, 745. This is the picture presented by present day society in regard to its most intimate relations. It differs considerably from that picture which is usually drawn for us by poetic visionaries, but it at least has the advantage of being true. Yet the picture is incomplete; a few characteristic features must still be added. [60] Elie Metchnikoff--The Nature of Man. [61] Jules Ronyer, Etudes médicales sur l’ancienne Rome. Paris 1859. [62] Elie Metchnikoff--The Nature of Man. [63] According to an official investigation, 200 persons were counted in New York who made a profession of artificial abortions. [64] Edw. Reich--History of Abortion and its Dangers. [65] Criminal statistics of the German Empire for the year 1906. 3.--Education for Marriage.