So the number of breweries decreased, from 1873 to 1907, by 8033 = 59.3 per cent.; that of breweries decreased by 5676 = 51.9 per cent., but the production of beer increased by 26,700,000 hectolitres = 135.7 per cent. This signifies a downfall of the small concerns and a tremendous growth of the large concerns, whose productivity has been multiplied. In 1873, 1450 hectolitres and in 1907 8385 hectolitres were produced by each brewery. It is the same wherever capitalism rules. Similar results are shown by the German coal-mining industry and other mining industries of the German Empire. In coal mining the number of concerns that amounted to an average of 623, from 1871 to 1875, dwindled down to 406, in 1889. But at the same time the production of coal rose from 34,485,400 tons to 67,342,200 tons, and the average number of persons employed increased from 127,074 to 239,954. The following table illustrates this process of concentration in the mining of mineral coal and brown coal, until 1907: Mineral Coal Brown Coal Number Number Year of Average No. Quantity of Average No. Quantity Concerns Employed 1000 tons Concerns Employed 1000 tons 1900 338 413,693 109,290.2 569 50,911 40,498.0 1905 331 493,308 121,298.6 533 54,969 52,512.1 1906 322 511,108 137,117.9 536 58,637 56,419.6 1907 313 545,330 143,185.7 535 66,462 62,546.7 We see, then, that, in the production of mineral coal since the seventies, the number of concerns has decreased by 49.8 per cent., while the number of wage-workers employed has increased by 216.9 per cent., and the output even by 420.6 per cent. The following table shows the development in the entire mining industry: Year Number of Average number Quantity concerns employed 1000 tons 1871–75 3,034 277,878 51,056.0 1887 2,146 337,634 88,873.0 1889 1,962 368,896 99,414.0 1905 1,862 661,310 205,592.6 1906 1,862 688,853 229,146.1 1907 1,958 734,903 242,615.2 Here the number of concerns has decreased by 35.5 per cent., while the number of wage-workers employed increased by 164.4 per cent., and the output, 374.5 per cent. The number of employers had grown smaller but wealthier, and the number of proletarians had greatly increased.