Woman; Her Position and Influence in Ancient Greece and Rome, and Among the Early ChristiansDonaldson, James, Sir
History
Woman; Her Position and Influence in Ancient Greece and Rome, and Among the Early Christians
Donaldson, James, Sir
Women -- Greece; Women -- History -- To 500; Women -- Rome
How, then, were men to treat this frivolous, dress-loving,
lust-inspiring creature? Surely the best plan was to shut her up. Her
clear duty was to stay at home, and not let herself be seen anywhere.
And this duty the Christian writers impress upon her again and again.
She is not to go to banquets, where her looks are sure to create evil
thoughts in the minds of men who are drinking largely of wine. She is
not to go to marriage feasts, where the talk and the songs may border
on licentiousness. Of course, she is not to wander about the streets in
search of sights, nor to frequent the theatre, nor the public baths,
nor the spectacles. Does she want exercise? Clement of Alexandria
prescribes for her:[155] “She is to exercise herself in spinning and
weaving, and superintending the cooking, if necessary.” He adds: “Women
are with their own hand to fetch from the store what we require; and
it is no disgrace for them to apply themselves to the mill. Nor is it
a reproach to a wife--housekeeper and helpmeet--to occupy herself in
cooking, so that it may be palatable to her husband. And if she shake
up the couch, reach drink to her husband when thirsty, set food on
the table as neatly as possible, and so give herself exercise tending
to sound health, the Instructor will approve of a woman like this.”
During the only occasions on which she may quit her own house--namely,
when visiting the sick or going to church--she must be veiled; not a
portion of her face must be seen, and when she is in church she must
remain covered. These are the injunctions which occur repeatedly in the
Christian writers. Voices were raised against this ascetic treatment,
among them that of one Bishop of Rome,[156] but they were drowned in
the current of invectives that were directed against woman’s love
of dress and finery and show. These invectives and discussions on
the dress of women and veiling of virgins are numerous. Tertullian,
Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria, Commodian, and the Apostolic
Constitutions deal minutely with the subject--all on the idea that
woman is a most inflammatory being. Is a woman beautiful? “Natural
grace,” says Tertullian,[157] “must be obliterated by concealment
and negligence, as being dangerous to the glances of the beholder’s
eyes.” Then she must clothe herself from head to foot. In speaking of
her going to church, Clement of Alexandria says: “Let her be entirely
covered, unless she happen to be at home. For that style of dress is
grave, and protects from being gazed at. And she will never fall who
puts before her face modesty and her shawl; nor will she invite another
to fall into sin by uncovering her face. For this is the wish of the
Word, since it is becoming for her to pray veiled.”[158]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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