[125] This celebrated mathematician, as is well-known, was a collaborator with Mme. du Chatelet in her translation of Newton's _Principia_. [126] For further information respecting this remarkable woman the reader is referred to _Oeuvres Philosophiques de Sophie Germain Suivies de Pensees et de Lettres Inedites et Precedees d'une Etude sur sa Vie et ses Oeuvres_, par. H. Stupy, Paris, 1896. One may also consult Todhunter's _History of the Theory of Elasticity and of the Strength of Materials_, Vol. I, pp. 147-160, Cambridge, 1886, in which is given a careful resume of Mlle. Germain's mathematical memoirs on elastic surfaces. [127] _Saturday Review_, January 10, 1874. [128] _Personal Recollections, From Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville_, p. 80, Boston, 1874. [129] _Personal Recollections_, ut sup., p. 5. [130] _Sonya Kovalevsky, Her Recollections of Childhood, With a Biography_, by Anna Carlotta Leffler, p. 219, New York, 1895. [131] "The prize was doubled to five thousand francs, on account of the 'quite extraordinary service rendered to mathematical physics by this work,' which the Academy of Sciences pronounced 'a remarkable work.' The competing dissertations were signed with mottoes, not with names, and the jury of the Academy made the award in utter ignorance that the winner was a woman. Her dissertation was printed, by order of the Academy, in the _Memoires des Savants Etrangers_. In the following year Mme. Kovalevsky received a prize of fifteen hundred kroner from the Stockholm Academy for two works connected with the foregoing." [132] Men of science will realize the capacity of this gifted Russian woman as a mathematician when they learn that she gave in the University of Stockholm courses of lectures on such subjects as the following: Theory of derived partial equations; theory of potential functions; applications of the theory of elliptic functions; theory of Abelian functions, according to Weierstrass; curves defined by differential equations, according to Poincare; application of analysis to the theory of whole numbers. How many men are there who give more advanced mathematical courses than these?