[185] "Non mihi si linguae centum, oraque centum, ferrea vox ... omnia morborum percurrere nomina possim quae Fabiola in tanta miserorum refregeria commutavit ut multi pauperum sani languentibus inviderent." _Epistola ad Oceanum._ [186] Haec inter timidam revocat clamore puellam Alpharides, veniens quae saucia quaeque ligavit. --Ekkehardi Primi _Waltharius_, Berlin, 1873. [187] That the Germans, at the time under discussion, regarded learning as having an effeminating effect on men is well illustrated by the following characteristic anecdote: "when Amasvintha, a very learned woman who was a daughter of the Ostrogoth King, Theodoric, selected three masters for the instruction of her son, the people became indignant. 'Theodoric,' they exclaimed, 'never sent the children of the Goths to school, learning making a woman of a man and rendering him timorous. The saber and the lance are sufficient for him.'" Procopius, _De Bello Gothico_, I, 2, Leipsic, 1905. If we may judge by a letter from Pace to Dean Colet, the noted classical scholar and founder of St. Paul's school in London, such views found acceptance in England as late as the time of More and Erasmus. For we are told of a British parent who expressed his opinion on the education of men in these words: "I swear by God's body I'd rather that my son should hang than study letters. The study of letters should be left to rustics." [188] This work was for a long time regarded as lost, but a manuscript copy was recently found in Copenhagen, and it has since been published by Teubner of Leipsic, under the title of _Hildegard's Causae et Curae_. [189] _Archiv fuer Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fuer Klinische Medicin_, Band 18, p. 286, Berlin. [190] _S. Hildegardis Opera Omnia_, Ed. Migne, p. 1122, Paris, 1882. [191] "In the municipal and state institutions of this period the beautiful gardens, roomy halls and springs of water of the old cloistral hospital of the Middle Ages were not heard of, still less the comforts of their friendly interiors." _A History of Nursing_, Vol. I, p. 500, M. Adelaide Nutting and Lavinia L. Dock, New York, 1907. The mortality in some of the state hospitals from the latter part of the seventeenth to the middle of the nineteenth century was appalling, often as high as fifty and sixty per cent. This was due not only to shockingly unsanitary conditions, but also to inordinate overcrowding. A large proportion of the beds, incredible as it may seem, were purposely made for four patients, and six were frequently crowded into them. "The extraordinary spectacle was then to be seen of two or three small-pox cases, or several surgical cases, lying on one bed." John Howard, in his _Prisons and Hospitals_, pp. 176-177. Warrington, 1874, tells us of two hospitals that were so crowded that he had "often seen five or six patients in one bed, and some of them dying."