Infidelity on the part of the husband was no ground
of complaint. As wives were so closely guarded there does not seem to
have been much danger of indiscretions, but they were sent away on the
slightest suspicion, and their punishments were carried to the utmost
refinement of cruelty. In spite of this surveillance, possibly because
of it, sins against morality were more frequent than in Sparta.
After the age of sixty, women were permitted to go to funerals outside
of their families, if they would not mourn too violently. These
occasions must have been rather welcome than otherwise, as Greek
funerals were not hopelessly solemn affairs, except to the immediate
family. Brides had the special privilege of sitting at table at their
own wedding banquets, to which only relatives or very near friends
were asked. The amusements of women seem to have consisted largely in
looking out of the window and making their toilets. If they went to the
theater at all, they were limited to tragedy and had to take back seats.
We have an account of one model husband who is not content that his
young wife should simply know how to spin, weave, and direct her maids,
so he tries to educate her. She is only fifteen, and he says that she
has lived under the strictest restraint so that she might “see as
little, hear as little, and ask as few questions as possible.” When
he has her properly domesticated so that she dares to speak in his
presence, he explains their mutual responsibilities in terms that must
have mystified this child of nature a little, tells her to do well
what the gods have suited to her and men approve, to use no cosmetics
or aids to beauty, and to knead bread or fold linen for exercise,
since she must not walk out. The main thing he dwells upon is the
necessity of looking closely after their common fortunes; but she has
also to take care of the children, and nurse the slaves when they
are ill. He kindly admits that if she is superior to him she will be
mistress,--taking good care, however, that such an unfortunate state
of affairs shall not exist so far as education is concerned,--and
assures her that the better she serves the interests of his family
and household, the more she will be honored. This is all very well
so far as it goes, and we may readily admit that it is of more vital
importance to administer the affairs of one’s family with judgment and
dignity than to talk about art or read Homer. But the docile wife had
a housekeeper as well as plenty of slaves, and, naturally, abundant
leisure. It certainly implied a degree of what Socrates called “manly
understanding” on her part, to follow her husband’s abstruse reasoning
on the duties of women, and his minute instructions for carrying them
out; yet this wise representative of the most civilized race the world
has known never so much as hints that she has an intellect.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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