Germany and Austria too have produced numbers of accomplished actresses and singers who stood high in public esteem and thrilled vast audiences by splendid revelations of their art. The name of =Charlotte Wolter= is forever connected with the famous Burgtheater in Vienna as the greatest tragedienne in the history of that famous institution. To the many actresses, whose fame is not limited to their native countries but has extended to America as well, belong the following stars of the 19th Century: =Marie Seebach=, =Ottilie Genee=, =Kathie Schratt=, =Hedwig Niemann-Rabe=, =Fanny Janauschek=, =Magda Irschik=, =Anna Haverland=, =Marie Geistinger=, =Agnes Sorma=, =Helene Odilon=, =Francisca Ellmenreich=, =Fanny Eysolt=, =Irene Triebsch= and =Else Lehmann=. As stars in grand opera and concert singers the most famous of the former century have been =Henriette Sontag=, =Pauline Lucca=, =Marie Schroeder-Hanfstängl=, =Teresa Tietiens=, =Etelka Gerster=, =Lilli Lehmann=, =Fanny Moran-Olden=, =Rosa Sucher=, =Amalie Materna=, =Marie Brema=, =Katharine Klaffsky= and =Marianne Brand=. Our present generation has paid tribute to =Milka Ternina=, =Marie Rappold=, =Alma Gluck=, =Elene Gerhard=, =Johanna Gadski=, =Julia Culp=, =Ernestine Schumann-Heink=, =Melanie Kurt=, =Margarete Ober=, and =Frida Hempel=. With the history of the French drama the names of the great tragediennes =Elizabeth Rachel= and =Sarah Bernhardt= are inseparably connected, while in opera =Madeline Arnould=, =Magdalene Marie Desgarcins=, =Louise Françoise Contat=, =Marie Felicite Malibran=, =Louise Angelique Bertin=, =Sophie Cruvelli=, =Emma Calvé=, =Lucienne Breval=, =Felia Litvinne= and =Desiré Artot= have been stars of the first order. Italy gave birth to the famous actresses and singers =Guilia Grisi=, =Marietta Alboni=, =Angelica Catalani=, =Adelaide Ristori=, =Eleonora Duse=, =L. Scalchi=, =Louisa Tetrazzina=, and =Amelia Galli-Curci=. Poland had her superb =Helena Modjeska= and =Marcella Sembrich=; Bohemia the marvelous =Emmy Destinn=. Sweden treasures the memory of =Jenny Lind= and =Christine Nilsson= as superlative artists. Jenny Lind was called “the Swedish Nightingale,” and was famous for her great charm as well as for her musical gifts. Her splendid tour in America under the management of P. T. Barnum in 1849 was one of the greatest artistic and financial triumphs ever achieved by one single artist.