Males. Females. Industries. Marks. Marks. Lace manufacture 20 --35 7 --15 Cloth glove manufacture 12 --30 6 --25 Linen and jute weaving 12 --27 5 --10 Wool-carding 15 --27 7.20--10.20 Sugar refinery 10.50--31 7.50--10 Leather and leather goods 12 --28 7 --18 Chemicals 8.50--25 7.50--10 Rubber fabrics 9 --28 6 --17 One factory of paper lanterns 16 --22 7.50--10 In an investigation of the wages earned by the factory hands of Mannheim in 1893, Dr. Woerishoffer divided the weekly earnings into three classes: one, the lowest, in which the wages reached 15 marks; one from 15 to 24; and the last and highest in which wages exceeded 24 marks. According to this subdivision, wages in Mannheim presented the following picture:-- Low. Medium. High. Both sexes 29.8 per cent. 49.8 per cent. 20.4 per cent. Males 20.9 per cent. 56.2 per cent. 22.9 per cent. Females 99.2 per cent. 0.7 per cent. 0.1 per cent. The working-women earned mostly veritable starvation wages. They received per week:-- Percentage Marks. of Females. Under 5 4.62 5--6 5.47 6--8 43.96 8--10 27.45 10--12 12.38 12--15 5.38 Over 15 0.74 In the Thueringer Wald district, in 1891, the workingmen engaged in the slate works received 2.10 marks a day; the women 0.70. In the spinning establishments, the men received 2 marks, the women from 0.90 to 1 mark. Worst of all are the earnings in the tenement industry, for men as well as for women, but for the women it is still more miserable than for the men. In this branch, hours of work are unlimited; when the season is on, they transcend imagination. Furthermore, it is here that the sweating system is generally in vogue, _i. e._, work given out by middlemen (contractors) who, in recompense for their irksome labor of superintendence, keep to themselves a large part of the wages paid by the principal. Under this system, women are also expected to submit to indignities of other nature.