Married women's work, 89-91 Marx, Karl, 49 Mary, Queen, 21 Match factories, 47 workers, 183 makers' Union, 128 Match-girls' strike, 127-8 Material progress, 51, 265 Maternity benefit, 103, 259 _n._ and child welfare, 258 care of, 206 Matheson, M. C., 195 _n._ Matthews, Miss, 153 Mechanical power, 200-201 progress, 43 Mellor, 33 Men and women, division of work between, 53 numbers of, in cotton spinning, 55 organised together, 166, 168 Metal trades, increase of women's employment in, 63 Metal-cutting, 66 Middle-class women's movement, _section_, 195 _Mines_, an _Account of_, 29 Minimum, principle of the, 237-8 requirements, 227 Monopoly of trade in clothing, 18 Moral atmosphere of factories, 50 effects of Unionism, 153 Mortality, 76, 77 Movement of women's wages, _section_, 229 Mule-spinning, 191-2 Mundella, A. J., 250 _n._ Munitions work, 251-2 National Federation of Women Workers, 131, 133, _section_, 140, 296 _Nature of Woman_, 2 Neath, 29 Needlewomen, 154 Nelson and District Weavers' Association, 101 _n._ New demand for women's labour, _section_, 250 New England cotton mills, 142 New spirit among women, _section_, 199 New Unionism, 127, 149, 174 New York, 141, 142 Nightingale, Florence, 199, 200 Non-textile trades, 28-30 industrial revolution in, _section_, 61 Nordverein der Berliner Arbeiterinnen, 155 Northampton, 224 N.E. Lancashire Amalgamated Society, 96 Norwich, 23, 224 Oakeshott, G., 118 _n._ Oastler, Thomas, 185 Occupational statistics, 81-8 Oldham, 95 and district, 96 Opposition of landowners to Liberals, 46 to factory legislation, 121-3 to women's employment, 42, 43, 93, 94 Oppression by employers, 19 Ordinances of Worcester, 18 Organisation, early efforts at, _section_, 92 in different trades, 171 of German Unions, 157-60 of women, need for, 107, 255 of women, together with men, 172 of young persons, difficulty of, 113 Outlook, the, _section_, 167 Overcrowding in towns, 52 Overstrain, 110 in cotton industry, 59, 281, 287 Overtime, 184, 289 Owen, Robert, 44, 47, 53, 95, 106 Padiham, 96, 113 Paper and stationery, 63 Paper-sorting or overlooking, 67, 168 Paris, 123 Paterson, Emma, 119-22 Pay-stewards, 176 Pearson, Karl, 1, 206 Peel, the elder, 53 Peel's Committee (1816), 41 Pen trade, 63 Percival, Dr. Thomas, 52, 185 Personality in Union officials, 174 Petition against importation of silk, 26, 27 of weavers, 17 Philanthropy, 163, 166 Phosphorus, white, prohibition of, 183 Phossy jaw, 183 Picks, 98 Pictet, 5 Piece rates, 97-102 Piecers to replace spinners, 54 women as, 192 Piers Plowman, 8 Pin manufacture, 30 Pittsburgh, U.S.A., 61 Plague, the, 4 Plated ware trade, 30 Policy, a coherent, 173