Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study.
General
Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study.
Printing industry -- Great Britain; Women -- Employment -- Great Britain; Women printers -- Great Britain; Working class women -- Great Britain
Wages throughout the factory or workshop for two or three slack and two
or three busy weeks to be obtained where possible, and for a few
ordinary hands throughout the year.
3.--CONDITIONS OF WORK.
(_a_) Describe the nature of the work, and subdivisions.
(_b_) Is it a season trade?
(_c_) Is it healthy? Is there a special trade disease?
(_d_) Is much strength or intelligence needed?
(_e_) Is dangerous machinery used?
(_f_) Average hours per week; meal hours.
(_g_) Is there a chance of rising? If so, to what position?
4.--ORGANISATION.
What attempts have been made to organise women, and with what success?
Attitude towards, and knowledge about, Women's Unions?
5.--MARRIED AND UNMARRIED WORKERS.
How long do women remain in the trade?
Proportion of married to unmarried.
Are there signs of married women lowering rates of pay?
Comparison between married and unmarried as workers.
6.--SEPARATE FACTORY LEGISLATION.
(A.) Economic effects:--
(_a_) Instances of women being turned off owing to Factory
Legislation.
(_b_) Do the restrictions imposed by the Factory Acts hinder the
employment of women?
(_c_) How far do these restrictions influence wages?
(_d_) How far has legislation diverted the industry from or to,
factory, workshop, or home?
(B.) Contrast between conditions of work before and after Act of 1867.
7.--MEN AND WOMEN.
Instances where either sex replaces the other, and the reasons for it in
each case.
Relative wages when men and women do the same work.
If women's wage is lower, why is it?
Attitude of Men's Unions towards female labour.
8.--WOMEN AND MACHINERY.
How far has machinery increased or diminished women's work?
How far does the cheapness of women's work tend to retard the
introduction of machinery?
9.--HOME WORK.
In which branches is this done, and to what extent?
Plant required.
Rates of pay compared with work done inside.
Why, from the point of view of the home worker in each case, is home
work done?
10.--INFLUENCE OF WOMEN'S WAGES ON THE FAMILY INCOME.
Occupation of husband.
Amount contributed towards home expenses.
APPENDIX II.--DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN TYPICAL FIRMS.
1. A.,[94] _A well-known Printing Firm in London. Employée's
Information._
[Footnote 94: Index letters by which reference is made to the firm in
the body of the volume, except in the chapter on wages.]
WORK.--Folding, sewing, numbering, etc.
REGULARITY.--The work is not seasonal, at any rate at A.
HEALTH.--Numbering is very bad for a weak chest and makes one's head
ache as well. Girls with weak chests cannot stand it. Folding, however,
is not unhealthy unless the hours are too long.
HOURS.--At B. they are 48 per week; but at A. they are 53½, distributed
as follows:--Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 9 a.m. to 6.30 p.m.;
Thursday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.; Friday, 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.; Saturday, 9 a.m.
to 1 p.m.; one hour for dinner and half an hour for tea being allowed
each full working day.
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