Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study.
General
Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study.
Printing industry -- Great Britain; Women -- Employment -- Great Britain; Women printers -- Great Britain; Working class women -- Great Britain
HOURS.--The hours are from 8 a.m. to 6.30 p.m., with one hour for
dinner, ten minutes for lunch, and twenty minutes for tea; on Saturdays,
from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. The girls have to be in by 8.15 or they are locked
out for the morning.
When at overtime they work from 8 a.m. to 9.30 p.m.
PROSPECTS.--The forewoman was at the bench once.
GENERAL.--"On the floor below," said my informant, "are litho girls--not
the sort whom you _could_ speak to. That is a very bad trade."
26. _Printer's and Bookbinder's Firm in Leeds. Employer's Information._
I was shown over the factory. The rooms are all very large and lofty.
Electric instead of steam power is used, and so the factory is far less
noisy and cooler than most printing works.
_One hundred and twenty girls_ of a very superior class are employed.
The conditions under which work is carried on here are evidently very
good.
They print large advertisement posters, time-tables, magazines, novels,
and make account books, cheque books, etc.
TRAINING.--Girls begin by feeding ruling machines, packing, etc., and
the length of their "apprenticeship" depends entirely upon the girls
themselves. They are put on piece work as soon as they are fit for it;
they are taken on about fourteen without premium, and their wages begin
at 4_s._ 6_d._ or, sometimes, 5_s._, and rise by degrees till they are
paid piece work rates.
WAGES.--_Folding and Sewing_ (piece work).--The pay ranges about 10_s._,
12_s._, 16_s._, up to 25_s._ per week.
_Laying-on of Gold-leaf and Blockers_ (piece work) yields 18_s._ to
20_s._ per week.
Girls who put _paper covers_ on to cheap novels, etc., earn about 20_s._
_Layers-on_ (_Letter-press and Litho_) are paid time wages and receive
8_s._, 10_s._, and 12_s._ per week.
The employer says he has known three sisters take home £4 a week for
several months in succession. He thinks it pays well to give high wages.
HOURS.--The hours are 52½ per week: from 7.30 a.m. to 6 p.m., with
dinner from 12.30 p.m. to 1.30 p.m.; on Saturdays, 7.30 a.m. till 12.30
p.m.; but overtime is worked thirty days in the year. Piece workers
receive no extra pay; time workers get time and a quarter.
WORK.--_Folding_ is done chiefly by hand. There is one machine, but that
is self-feeding and a man minds it.
_Sewing_ is done by hand and by machinery.
_Perforating_ is done by a machine worked by power, which has simply to
be fed.
Several girls were employed putting the wrappers on to 6_d._ novels,
while others were pasting cloth on to cardboard for school exercise
books. Little girls were feeding the ruling machine, punching labels,
eyeletting and packing.
Girls were also engaged in gold laying-on and blocking, but none were
employed at this when I was there.
In the litho and letter-press printing rooms a large number of very
respectable girls, about eighteen years of age, were employed as
layers-on. They were feeding large as well as small machines.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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