considered, there is a good deal to be said for workers’ objections. Clumsy attempts at ventilation are largely responsible for the dislike to fresh air which is to be found in many workshops; just as ill-made respirators, which only succeed in checking free breathing without excluding the dust or whatever it may be that is to be kept out, may have induced a certain recklessness of precautions on the part of the operatives in certain trades. But however that may be, until we come to recognise that the hygienic condition of the factory and workshop is a matter for the scientist and the community in precisely the same way that the hygienic condition of the town is, it will be hopeless to expect the maintenance or even the recognition of any industrial standard of health. Employers are as much creatures of circumstances as their workpeople, and it would be fatuous to the last degree to hope for very much from the “moralisation of workshop environment.” If there is to be any effective safeguard it must be found in the regulations prescribed by the community as a whole, to which the enfeebling and crippling of its workers represents a very real danger. CHAPTER VII. _INFANT MORTALITY._ The Registrar-General’s Returns--Town _versus_ Country--Selected Districts--Age-periods and Mortality--Causes of Death--Preston, Leicester, Blackburn--Relation of Married Women’s Labour to Infant Mortality--Dr. Tatham’s Evidence--Dr. Farr’s Tables--Recent Statistics--Deterioration of Survivors.