=Conclusion.=--During the next few years we are likely to see great changes, for the agitation which has taken place in the labour world in recent times is not of a spasmodic kind. It is the outcome of years of struggle and suffering and thought, and of many defeats on the part of the workers. For them the Factory Acts are of quite incalculable importance. They stand for industrial health, for the safeguard of the worker’s leisure and standard of life, for the civic principle in the affairs of the labour market and the workshop. They stand, too, for the ratification by the State of the will of the people as expressed by their common voice and common organisations. It is not true to say that they spare them the trouble of doing something which they might equally well do for themselves. The Acts give a statutory validity to what the workers have already decided upon in times past. They secure the ground already won, so that the workers may go forward, and on that ground raise their standard of living higher; so that the manufacturers may put their houses in order, introducing better management and mechanical methods; so that the standard of living and the standard of general efficiency may advance together. Under the guiding intelligence of the nation these great human enactments, which have been a godsend to the people of this country in the past, will become ever more fruitful as higher civic ideals and a deeper conception of human welfare and industry take the place of the conceptions which have prevailed during the transition period from which we are now emerging. INDEX A Art, Difficulties in the pursuit of, 30. Army Clothing Factory, 74. Assistant Mistresses, in High Schools, 9. Salaries of, 10. in Elementary Schools, 16. B Ballet, The, 33. Belfast Mill-workers, Deaths of, 127. Board Schools, Salaries in, 14. Compared with Voluntary Schools, 16. Bookbinders’ Union, 71. C Carpet manufacture, 107. Certifying surgeon, Duties of, 152, 158. Child labour, 105, 122. in cotton trade, Dr. Tarrop’s report on, 123. Age limit too low, 165. Chromo lithography, 37. Cigar-makers Union, 74. Success of, 80. Civil Service, 41. Pensions in, 42. Women _versus_ men in, 42. The Post-office, 42. Complaints against women, 46. Clerks, National Union of, 64. Clerkships, Ordinary, 40. in shipping firms, 41. in Civil Service, 41. Commerce, Subordinate position of women in, 47. French and American women in, 48. Consumers’ League, 89. Cotton manufacture, 95 _et seq._ Injurious processes in, 121. Child labour in, 122. Combination in, 90, 95. Crafts, Artistic, 36. Chromo-lithography, 37. Hostility of workmen in, 37. Crape trade, wages in, 106. D Dentistry suitable for women, 26. Deterioration of population, 148. Directory of Women’s Trades Unions, 90.