These conditions make it extremely unsafe to attempt generalizations as to the wages earned by women in the various industries. There are, however, certain fairly well-defined groups of trades, having wage features in common, at which it will be interesting to glance. I will take first the trades--very few in number--where women are organized. Chief of these is the cotton industry; and here we find that where men and women do the same work they receive, with a few unimportant exceptions, the same wages. The payment for weavers, men or women, is fixed according to the length and character of the piece of material, and the looms are calculated to earn a certain sum for a full day’s work according to their size and speed. The earnings, therefore, vary with the time worked; but it is quite a common thing for a woman weaver to earn 24_s._ a week all the year round. With spinners the case is different. The mule spinners are men, and earn about 35_s._ a week. The wages of ring and throstle spinners--women--rarely come to more than 14_s._ or 15_s._ This kind of spinning has, in some cases, displaced mule spinning, but only to a slight extent, as it is not available for all varieties of material. The women and girls in the cardroom departments earn about 18_s._ and 20_s._, warpers about the same, and winders rather less. These rates may be compared with those in the Yorkshire textile trade, where the workers’ organization is less powerful, and consequently, in many cases, women are paid at a considerably lower rate than men for similar work. This is markedly the case with the Huddersfield weavers; also with the wool-combers at Bradford, where women earn 12_s._ for work at which men make 18_s._ The Yorkshire weavers’ wages are in some cases as low as 8_s._ or 9_s._ a week, and seldom average more than 18_s._ A common plan is to calculate all wages on a “women’s scale,” and pay the men so much extra for the piece. The women in the Yorkshire textile trade, on the whole, do not appear to be in any better position than the ordinary class of unorganized female factory workers. In the West of England cloth districts wages are even lower than in Yorkshire; for a weaver earns only from 7_s._ to 14_s._ a week, taking the wages all the year round. For a great mass of other factory workers these figures would represent the usual earnings. Among this class are jam makers, bookbinders, mineral-water operatives, bottle-washers, and confectioners. Confectioners generally begin at 3_s._ 6_d._ a week, and the average is about 8_s._ But in some trades, or branches of trades, the earnings are still lower. The silk throwsters of Macclesfield, for instance, and the Essex crape weavers, make about 6_s._ a week, and the tobacco operatives 6_s._ or 7_s._ On the other hand, skilled cigar makers can earn from 18_s._ to 30_s._ a week. And again, some of the Birmingham trades are less badly paid. The button makers, for example,