Protection against insects, 247. Properties of wood, Chap II., p. 41. Protoplasm, 14, 16, 23, 41. Pruning of branches, 286. _Prunus serotina_, 164. _Pseudotsuga mucronata_, 94. _Pseudotsuga taxifolia_, 94. Quartering a log, 45. Quartered oak, 22. _Quercus alba_, 150. _Quercus garryana_, 146. _Quercus macrocarpa_, 144. _Quercus michauxii_, 142. _Quercus minor_, 148. _Quercus obtusiloba_, 148. _Quercus rubra_, 138. _Quercus stellata_, 148. _Quercus tinctoria_, 140. _Quercus velutina_, 140. Rainfall, effect on forest, 205, 213. Rays, medullary, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 37, 44, 53, 291. Red rot, 234. Redwood, 100, 207, 208, 222, 295. Regularity of cells, 24. Reproduction, 220. Reserve sprout method, 279. Resin ducts, 26, 291. Rhizomorphs, 236. Rind, 13. Ring-porous. See Wood, ring-porous. Rings, Annual, 9, 18, 19, 21, 23, 44, 226, 290. Rings, False, 19, 231. _Robinia pseudacacia_, 166. Rodents, 239. Roots, 211, 224. Rotation period, 279. Rotting, 234. _Salix nigra_, 112. Sand dunes, 230, 231. Saplings, 225, 226. Saprophytes, 233. Sap-wood, 13, 17, 18, 41, 42, 290. Sassafras, 296. Sawyers, Pine, 244. Secondary growth, 17. Section, cross, 21, 22, 29. See also Section, transverse. Section, radial, 19, 22, 26, 30, 31. Section, tangential, 19, 22, 26, 30, 31. Section, transverse, 19, 24, 29, 30. Seasoning, 42. Sections, transverse, radial and tangential, 12. Seed forests, 279-282. Seeding from the side, 279. Seedlings, 225, 226. Seeds, 220-223, 226. Sequoia, 98. Sequoia, 100. Sequoia, Giant, 98. _Sequoia gigantea_, 98. _Sequoia sempervirens_, 100. _Sequoia washingtoniana_, 98. Settler, 258. Shake, 47, 232, 233. Shearing strength, 52. Sheep, 240. Shelf fungus, 234, 236. Short-bodied trunk, 225, 226. Shrinkage of wood, 41, 42-47. Silver flakes, 22. See Rays, Medullary. Silvical characteristics, 211. Silvicultural systems, 278-284. Slash, 229, 251, 257. Slash-grain, 54. Snow, 232. Slash-sawing, 45, 47. Softwoods, 12. Soil, 211, 213. Specific gravity. See Weight. Splint-wood, 17. Splitting. See Cleavability. Spores, 234. Spring-wood, 20, 21, 24, 30, 32, 44, 53, 54, 291. Sprouts, 220, 222. Spruce, 80-89, 295. Spruce, Black, 84. Spruce, Douglas, 94, 296. Spruce, Engelmann's, 86. Spruce, Red, 82, 213. Spruce, Sitka, 88. Spruce, Tideland, 88. Spruce, Western White, 86. Spruce, White, 80. Stand, mixed, 213, 223. Stand, pure, 213, 223. Standards, 225, 226. Steamboats, 246. Stem, diagram of cross section, Fig. 4, p. 13, fig. 5, p. 15, 211. Strength of wood, 41, 51-53. Strip system, 279. Structure of wood, 9-40, 29, 30, 32. Struggle for existence, 224, 226, 227. Summer-wood, 20, 21, 24, 30, 32, 44, 53, 54, 291. _Swietenia mahagoni_, 168. Sycamore, 22, 162, 300. Tamarack, 76, 296. Tamarack, Western, 78. Taxes on forests, 261. _Taxodium distichum_, 102. Tear fungus, 234, 238. Temperature, 214. Tension, 51, 52. Texture of wood, 32.