CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 40'-60'; diameter, 12"-18"; small, slim, upright branches; bark, brown or ashy, great, shallow, longitudinal furrows; leaves, 10"-12" long, pinnately compound, 7 to 9 leaflets, covered with down; fruit, single samara. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light brown, sap-wood lighter and yellowish; ring porous; rings, marked by pores; grain, straight, coarse; rays, numerous, thin. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, medium (28th in this list); 39 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr., 0.6251; strong (30th in this list); elasticity, medium (53d in this list); hard (17th in this list); shrinkage, 5 per cent.; warps little; not durable; hard to work; splits in nailing. COMMON USES: Agricultural implements, oars, handles, boats. REMARKS: Often sold with and as the superior white ash. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 67 WHITE ASH. White, refers to whitish color of wood. _Fraxinus americana_ Linnaeus. _Fraxinus_, from a Greek word (_phraxis_) meaning split, refers to the cleavability of the wood. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in the bottom lands of lower Ohio valley. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 70'-80', even 120'; diameter, 3'-6'; branches rather high, tree singularly graceful; bark, gray, narrow furrows, clean, neat trunk; leaves, 8"-15" long, compound, tufted, smooth, turns in autumn to beautiful purples, browns and yellows; fruit, panicles of samaras, persistent till midwinter. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light reddish brown, sap-wood whitish; ring-porous, rings clearly marked by pores; straight-grained; pith rays obscure. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Heavy (22d in this list); 39 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr., 0.6543; strong (31st in this list); elastic (30th in this list); hard (17th in this list); shrinkage, 5 per cent.; warps little; not durable in contact with soil; hard and tough; splits readily, nails badly. COMMON USES: Inside finish, farm implements, barrels, baskets, oars, carriages. REMARKS: Forms no forests, occurs scattered. Its uses for handles and oars determined by combination of strength, lightness and elasticity. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] LIST OF 66 COMMON WOODS ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF THEIR WEIGHT.