[211] Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Carmelites and Servites. [212] _Botschaten_, interpreted by _Benrath_ (p. 105), Clemen (I, 406, note) and Weimar Ed. (VI, 406, note 1) as a reference to the _stationarii_. They were wandering beggars who, for an alms, would enroll the contributor in the list of beneficiaries of their patron saint, an alleged insurance against disease, accident, etc. They were classified according to the names of their patron saints, St. Anthony, St. Hubert, St. Valentine, etc. Protests against their operations were raised at the Diets of Worms (1521) and Nürnberg (1523). Included in these protests are the _terminarii_, i.e., the collectors of alms sent out by the mendicant orders. See Wrede, _op. cit._, II, 678, 688, III, 651, and Benrath, loc. cit. [213] _Wallbrüder_, the professional pilgrims who spent their lives in wandering from one place of pilgrimage to another and subsisted on the alms of the faithful. [214] i. e., If the plan above proposed were adopted. [215] See above, p. 129, note 1. [216] See _Treatise on the New Testament_, Vol. I, pp. 308 ff. [217] In the _Babylonian Captivity_ (below, pp. 291 f.) Luther definitely excludes penance from the number of sacraments, but see also p. 177. [218] The sodalities ("fraternities," "confraternities"), still an important institution in the Roman Church, flourished especially in the XVI Century. They are associations for devotional purposes. The members of the sodalities are obligated to the recitation of certain prayers and the attendance upon certain masses at stipulated times. By virtue of membership in the association each member is believed to participate in the benefits accruing from these "good works" of all the members. In the case of most of the sodalities membership entitled the member to the enjoyment of certain indulgences. In 1520 Wittenberg boasted of 20 such fraternities, Cologne of 80, Hamburg of more than 100 (Realencyk., Ill, 437). In 1519 Degenhard Peffinger, of Wittenberg, was a member of 8 such fraternities in his home city, and of 27 in other places. For Luther's view of the sodalities see above, pp. 8, 26 ff. On the whole subject see Benrath, pp. 106 f.; Kolde in _Realencyk._, III, pp. 434 ff.; Lea, _Hist. of Conf. and Indulg_, III, pp. 470 ff. [219] See above, p. 98, note 2. [220] See above, p. 128, note 5. [221] The excesses committed at the feasts of the religious societies were often a public scandal. See Lea, _Hist, of Conf. and Indulg_, III, pp. 437 ff.