[179] Comp. above, p. 69. The fullest development of Luther's doctrine of the spiritual priesthood of believers is to be found in his writings against Emser, especially _Auf das überchristliche, übergeistliche und überkünstliche Buch Bock Emsers Antwort_, 1521. [180] On the last sentence see above, pp. 251 f. [181] See p. 278, note 1. [182] See above, p. 92. [183] See above, p. 280. [184] See above, p. 185. [185] See above, p. 213. [186] Covers for the chalice. [187] This promise was fulfilled in the Liberty of a Christian Man. [188] Thus Erasmus: _Fieri potest ut nomen commune cum apostolo praebuerit occasionem ut haec epistola lacobo apostolo ascriberetur, cum uerit alterius cuiusdam Iacobi._--Moffatt, _Introduction to the Lit. of the N. T._, p. 472. [189] See above, p. 275. [190] Comp. above, p. 171. [191] See above, p. 285. [192] See above, p. 226. [193] See above, p. 275. [194] See above, p. 226. [195] See above, p. 177. [196] See above, pp. 220 f. [197] The _res sacramenti_. See above, p. 182, note 2. [198] Vergil's _Eclogues_, VIII, 63. [199] See Introduction, p. 168. [200] The remainder of Luther's "recantation" was the _De libertate_. In the letter to the pope, which accompanied it, he gave ample proof of his obedience. [201] The eighth stanza of Coehus Sedulius' _Hymnus acrostichis totam vitam Christi continens_ (beginning, _A solis ortus cardine_), of the fifth century. Stanzas 8, 9, 11 and 13 were used as an Epiphany hymn, which Luther translated on December 12, 1541,--"Was fürchtst du, Feind Herodes, sehr." The above translation is taken from _Hymns Ancient and Modern_, No. 60. A TREATISE ON CHRISTIAN LIBERTY WITH A LETTER TO POPE LEO X 1520 INTRODUCTION The Letter to the Pope, like an earlier letter dated March 3, 1519, was written at the suggestion of Carl von Miltitz. Sent to Germany to bring Luther to Rome, this German diplomat knew German conditions and to some extent sympathized with Luther's denunciation of Tetzel and the sellers of indulgences. He preferred, therefore, to try to settle the controversy and to leave Luther in Germany. Although the pope insisted that Luther must come to Rome and recant, Miltitz arranged for a hearing of the case before a German bishop. Evidently Miltitz was far too optimistic in his representations both to Luther and to the pope. The pope, in a writing dated March 29, 1519, spoke in friendly terms to Luther, and urged him to come to Rome immediately and to make his recantation there. Luther, in the letter dated March 3, 1519, writes in most humble language to the pope, but declares it impossible for him to recant what he had written in the XCV Theses. The pope's letter did not reach Luther; Luther's letter was not forwarded to the pope.