Yoga as philosophy and religionDasgupta, Surendranath
Religion
Yoga as philosophy and religion
Dasgupta, Surendranath
Hindu philosophy; Patañjali; Yoga
The place in the _Vyāsa-bhāshya_ which refers to this genesis is that
under _viśeshāviśeshaliṅgamātrāliṅgāni guṇaparvāṇi_, II. 19. There it
says that the four bhūtas are ether, air, fire, water and earth. These
are the viśeshas (specialised modifications) of the unspecialised
modifications the tanmātras of sound, touch, colour, taste and smell. So
also are the cognitive senses of hearing, touch, eye, tongue, and nose
and the conative senses of speech, hand, feet, anus and the generative
organ. The eleventh one manas (the co-ordinating organ) has for its
object the objects of all the above ten senses. So these are the
specialised modifications (_viśeshas_) of the unspecialised (aviśesha)
asmitā. The guṇas have these sixteen kinds of specialised modifications
(_viśeshapariṇāma_). The six unspecialised modifications are the sound
tanmātra, touch tanmātra, colour tanmātra, taste tanmātra and smell
tanmātra. These tanmātras respectively contain one, two, three, four,
and five special characteristics. The sixth unspecialised modification
is asmitāmātra. These are the six aviśesha evolutions of the pure being,
the mahat. The category of mahat is merely a sign beyond the aviśeshas
and it is there that these exist and develop.
In this _Vyāsa-bhāshya_ the fully specialised ones, viśeshas, the
grosser elements are said to have been derived from the tanmātras and
the senses and manas, the faculty of reflection are said to have been
specialised from the ego or asmitā. The tanmātras, however, have not
been derived from the ego or asmitā here. But they together with asmitā
are spoken of as the six slightly specialised ones, the five being the
five tanmātras and the sixth one being the ego. These six aviśeshas are
the specialisations of the mahat, the great egohood of pure Be-ness. It
therefore appears that the six aviśeshas are directly derived from the
mahat, after which the ego develops into the eleven senses and the
tanmātras into the five gross elements in three different lines.
But let us see how _Yoga-vārttika_ explains the point here:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account