Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy: Volume 1 (of 3)
Georg Hegel · en
In the first beginnings of culture, however, we are more often met by
this admixture of Philosophy and general knowledge. There comes a time
to a nation when mind applies itself to universal objects, when, for
example, in seeking to bring natural things under general modes of
understanding, it tries to learn their causes. Then it is said that a
people begins to philosophize, for this content has thought in common
with Philosophy. At such a time we find deliverances about all the
common events of Nature, as we also find intellectual maxims, moral
sentences, general principles respecting morality, the will, duty,
and the like, and those who expressed them have been called wise men
or philosophers. Thus in the beginnings of Greek Philosophy we find
the seven sages and the Ionic Philosophers. From them a number of
ideas and discoveries are conveyed to us which seem like philosophic
propositions. Thus Thales, amongst others, has explained that the
eclipse of sun and moon is due to the intervention of the moon or
earth. This is called a theorem. Pythagoras found out the principle
of the harmony of sounds. Others have had ideas about the stars: the
heavens were supposed to be composed of perforated metal, by which we
see throughout the empyrean region, the eternal fire which surrounds
the world. Such propositions as products of the understanding, do not
belong to the history of Philosophy, although they imply that the
merely sensuous gaze has been left behind, as also the representation
of those objects by the imagination only. Earth and heaven thus become
unpeopled with gods, because the understanding distinguishes things in
their outward and natural qualities from Mind.